Smith.Ch3.Pain

Question 1

hyepralgesia deifnition

Answer 1

exaggerated responses to painful stimuli

Question 2

allodynia

Answer 2

pain resulting from normally innocuous simtuli

Question 3

In regards to pain management what are the regulations of the ELDU under AMDCUA

Answer 3

1. ELDU is allowed only by or under the supervision of a veterinarian
2. ELDU is allowed only for US food and drug Administration (FDA) approved animal and human drugs
3. ELDU is only permitted when the health of the animal is threatened and not for production purposes
4. ELDU in feed is prohibited
5. ELDU is not permitted if it results in a violative drug residue in food intended for human consumption

Question 4

Lidocaine has a rapid onset of activity in what time period?
and duration of action?

Answer 4

2 to 5 minutes onset of activity

90 minutes duration of action

Question 5

NSAID produce analgesia an dantiinflammatory effects through which mechanism?

Answer 5

prostaglandin (PG) synteshsis through inhibition of enzyme cyclo-oxygenase (COX) in peripehra ltissues and centrla nervous system

Question 6

COX-1 is expressed on what tissues?

Answer 6

peripheral and central nervous systems
**expression enhanced by pain and inflammatory mediators

Question 7

COX-2 is expressed on what tissues?

Answer 7

ubiquitous in the CNS
– only becomes the major enzyme for PG syntehsis after induction by facotrs released during cell damage and death

Question 8

What is the mean bioavailability of topical flunixin used in cattle?

Answer 8

48% (range: 34 to 61%)

Question 9

What is the mean half life for topical flunixin?

Answer 9

6.42 hours (range 5.22 to 9.76 hours)

Question 10

Phenylbutazone use is not approved for use in cattle because what effects have been seen in humans?

Answer 10

fatal bloo dsycrasias, including aplastic anemia, leukopenia, agranulocytosis, trhombocytopenia, deahts in humans

Question 11

The analgesic effects of opioids are associated with binding to spinal and supraspinal:

Answer 11

mu
kappa
sigma receptors

Question 12

The binding of opioids to respective receptors causes what:

Answer 12

decreased propagation of the nociceptive signal by activating receptor linked potassium channels and inhibiting voltage-gated calcium channels

Question 13

MOA of ketamine

Answer 13

N-methylD aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist

Question 14

Gabapentin MOA (suspected)

Answer 14

binds alpha2-delta subunit of voltage gated calcium channels acting presynaptically to decrease the release of excitatory neurotransmitters