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Smartbook Flashcards

1
Q

Augmentin (Amox + clav)

A

Best broad spectrum antibiotic for peds pts

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2
Q

myringotomy

A

tube in tympanic membrane for recurrent otitis media

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3
Q

c diff dx

A

toxin in stool

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4
Q

c diff tx

A

metronidazole

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5
Q

c diff toxins

A

toxins

a: attrack neutrophils
b: destroy cells by chomping up actin

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6
Q

hemophilia c

A

factor XI def

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7
Q

pilocytic astrocytoma prognosis

A

surgery cures kids of this brain tumor

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8
Q

periventricular calcifications

A

CMV

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9
Q

ependymoma population / histology

A

brain tumor in kids, pseudo rosettes

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10
Q

meduloblastoma population, location, histology

A

brain tumor in kids, cerebellum, homer-wright rosettes

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11
Q

pasamoma bodies

A

papillary thyroid CA, papilary serous cystadenoma of ovary, Prolactinoma, Papillary renal cell CA, memingioma, mesothelioma

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12
Q

schwannoma histology

A

two regions:
antoni A palisading nuclei around pink verocay bodies
antoni B short myxoid, loose

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13
Q

wallenberg syndrome

A

lateral medula, PICA, vestibular (vomiting, nystagmus), ipsi horners, ipsi face P/T, contra body P/T, ipsi cerebellar ataxia

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14
Q

eaton lambert syndrome

A

auto antibodies against presynaptic Ca++ channels in NMJ; paraneoplastic syndrome of small (oat) cell lung CA

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15
Q

paraneoplastic symptoms of small cell lung CA

A

ACTH, ADH, Eaton Lambert

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16
Q

squamous cell lung CA; histology and paraneoplastic syndrome

A

keratin pearls, desmosomes; PTHrP

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17
Q

hennoch shoenlein purpura

A

IgA, C3 deposits in skin (butt), abdominal pain, joint pain

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18
Q

wegners (polyangiits with granulomatosis)

A

common cause of saddle nose; oronasopharynx, lungs, kidney; tx: cyclophosphamide

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19
Q

PSGN EM deposit location, blood finding

A

sub-epithelial deposits, decreased C3

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20
Q

AML (M3) / APML

A

Causes DIC, Auer rods, t(15;17), Tx: ATRA

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21
Q

Tx for measles

A

ATRA

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22
Q

MInimal change dz population, tx

A

most common nephropathy in kids, Tx: corticosteroids

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23
Q

Hyaline arteriolosclerosis in diabetes vs. HTN

A

Diabetes aff and eff arterioles of kidney; vs. aff only in HTN

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24
Q

Don’t give antibiotics in this disease

A

mononucleosis; will cause rash!

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25
Q

pseudotumor cerebri

A

increased CSF pressure; side effect of tetracycline, OCP, vit. A

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26
Q

psyllium

A

Fiber for GI disease (?)

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27
Q

theraputic trial

A

using a drug as a test to find out if someone responds

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28
Q

ketoconazole??

A

not used in candida esophagitis; instead use flucanazole

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29
Q

mature defense mechanisms

A

SASH: Sublimation, Altrusism, Suppression, Humor

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30
Q

Kallman syndrome

A

failure of GnRH cells to migrate to hypothalamus; anosmia + low LH, FSH, T

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31
Q

Association with Polyarteritis nodosum

A

HEP B!!!!!

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32
Q

Renal cell CA

A

mahogany color on gross; clear cell most common from the prox convoluted tubule; EPO

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33
Q

nerve running in piriform recess

A

interior laryngeal nerve; cough reflex

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34
Q

spleen location (ribs)

A

8-10

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35
Q

kidney location (ribs)

A

10-12 (remember CVA!)

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36
Q

Stains for fat

A

osmium, sudan stain, oil red

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37
Q

Vit E function

A

antioxidant; deficinecy–> oxidative stress

38
Q

cyclophosphamide side effect (and how to prevent)

A

hemorrhagic cystitis (prevent with Mesna)

39
Q

granuloma inguinale

A

finidng in Klebsiella

40
Q

turner’s syndrome

A

45 XO, high arched palate, STREAKED OVARIES, preductal coarctation of the AO, wide nipples, short

41
Q

loeffler’s

A

eosinophilia due to parasite infx, specifically in heart causes restrictive cardiomyopathy

42
Q

MI histology at 4-12 hours

A

edema, punctuate hemorrhages, contraction bands

43
Q

MI Tx

A

MONA: Morphine, Oxygen, Nitrates (not nitroprusside), Aspirin

44
Q

MAC/ MAI features

A

HIV pts with low CD4 count, grows at 41 deg C, reticuloendothelial cells

45
Q

MAC / MAI prophylaxis and Tx

A

Px: Azithromycin, Tx: Azithromycin plus…ethambutol etc

46
Q

Pneumocystis pneumonia PCP/ PJP Px and Tx

A

TMP/SMX, second line is dapsone (watch for G6PD)

47
Q

Toxo Px and Tx

A

Px: TMP/SMX, Tx: Pyramethamine / Sulfadiazine

48
Q

Foster kennedy syndrome

A

Frontal, midline meningioma –> anosmia

49
Q

PCP (drug) finding

A

vertical nystagmus

50
Q

A-a gradient calculation

A

PAO2 = 150- (PaCO2/.8)

where A means Alveolar and a means arterial

51
Q

rT3

A

inactive version of thyroid hormone; made accidentally in conversion of T4 –> T3 in periphery; tracks with T4

52
Q

TIBG increases in response to

A

Estrogen, so increase in total T4, but not free T4 so no Sx

53
Q

mTOR pathway drugs

A

Tacrolimus and cyclosporine inhibit IL-2 production; sirolimus inhibits IL-2 signaling within the cell

54
Q

seborrhea

A

dandruff in Vit A excess

55
Q

H flu requires

A

factors V (NAD+) and X (hemin), can use hemolysis from Staph aureus or grow on chocolate agar

56
Q

h flu types

A

encapsulated HiB causes meningitis (vaccine from capule), untypable causes otitis media

57
Q

what do Eos secrete to kill helminthes

A

major basic protein

58
Q

one tx for multiple myeloma

A

thalidamide

59
Q

ligament of treitz

A

hold up the end of the duodenum, marks beginning of jejunum

60
Q

primary HSV 1 infx

A

fever, lymphadenophathy, sore throat, swollen gums, Tzanck smear with dark inclusions in multinucleated giant cells

61
Q

rabies affects which parts of brain

A

most inflammation in medulla, but negri bodies in hippocampus and purkinje fibers of cerebellum

62
Q

syphillis (t pallidum) Dx

A

dark field microscopy, but probably won’t find; VDRL = anti cardiolipin antibodies screening test; ?FTA ABS = confirmation test, anti treponemal antibodies

63
Q

causes of post op fever

A

Wind (lung collapse) water (UTI) wound (takes a few days)

64
Q

Tx for tPA overdose

A

Aminocaproic acid (inhibits plasminogen–>plasmin)

65
Q

contraindications for tPA

A

HTN >180/110, hx of hemorrhagic stroke, ischemic stroke within 1 yr, dissecting aneurysm

66
Q

dermatitis herpatiformis

A

IgA mediated, diarrhea related; Celiac, Crohn’s

67
Q

erythema nodosum

A

big pimple assoc w SARCOID, crohn’s, fungal infx

68
Q

What does insulin do?

A

BRINGS K INTO CELLS! Also sugar, but whatevs

69
Q

At risk for sulfa rxn? What to avoid in kidney

A

THiazide and loop diuretics

70
Q

Causes of anion gap acidosis

A 
MUDPILERS 
Methanol
Uremia
Diabetic ketoacidosi
Propylene glycol
Isoniozid / Iron tablets
Lactic acidosis
Ethylene glycol --> oxylate crystals
Rhabdo
Salicilates
71
Q

Causes of non-anion gap acidosis

A 
HARDASS
Hyperalimentation
Addisons disease
Renal tubular acidosis
Diarrhea
Acetazolamide
Spironolactone
Saline infusion
72
Q

peroxisomes

A

alpha oxidation of VERY long fatty acid chains, and branched fatty acid chains (pytanic acid); deficiency is zelwegger’s sndrome

73
Q

long chain fatty acid breakdown

A

carnetine shuttle, b oxidation

74
Q

med-chain fatty acid breakdown

A

acyl CoA Dehydrotase deficiency

75
Q

centrilobular necrosis of liver

A

acetamenophen tox

76
Q

sarcoidosis tx

A

corticosteroids

77
Q

ADPKD

A

also shows up in liver

78
Q

Stroke histology

A

red neurons; microglia come in and eat up the dead cells

79
Q

PCOS

A

increased estrogen; hirsutism

80
Q

diabetes in lens

A

glucose —A—> sorbitol —B—> fructose

A: aldose reductase
B: sorbitol dehydrogenase

81
Q

membranous nephritis EM /IF

A

Spike and dome

82
Q

IgA deposits in kidney

A

mesangial

83
Q

Kawasaki

A

young kids, bilateral conjunctivitis, red tongue, desquamative rash on hand and feet; Tx: ASA + IVIG

84
Q

Kawasaki tx

A

Tx: ASA + IVIG

85
Q

Methylmalonyl CoA mutase

A

last step before fatty acid enters kreb cycle – and ISOMERIZATION (mutase); def = methylmalonic acid uria

86
Q

Crohn’s tx

A

corticosteroids, infliximab

87
Q

pulmonary fibrosis is a side effect of

A

methotrexate, bleomycin, amiodarone

88
Q

radionucleide biliary scan

A

inject stuff into ampulla and try to visualize gall baldder

89
Q

neutropenia Sx

A

mouth ulcers! infections, fever

90
Q

ticlopidine

A

anti ADP platelet drug; side effect of neutropenia; used in acute coronary syndrome, coronary stenting

91
Q

pentamidine

A

tx for african sleeping sickness, leishmania, PCP/PJP

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