Smart Sparrow Pracs Flashcards
What cell type are absorptive cells more likely to be?
Columnar
What do adherens junctions and desmosomes use to bind to adjacent cells?
Cadherens
What are the components of ECM?
Fibrillin Proteoglycans Water Collagen Glycoproteins
The dermis of the skin contains cells with scattered spindled/elongated nuclei. What are they?
Fibroblasts
What is the difference between suppurative, fibrinous and serous exudate?
Suppurative: neutrophils predominates
Fibrinous: fibrin predominates
Serous: Fluid predominates
When does granulation tissue form? What does it consist of?
When the tissue attempts to heal after injury, infection or acute inflammatory response by repair.
It consists of: fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, inflammatory cells - mostly macrophages and lymphocytes -, oesema from leaky, newly formed capillaries and some ECM which increases as time progresses.
The granulation tissue will replace necrotic debris as it is removed by macrophages.
Compare and contrast the cells of acute and chronic inflammation
Acute inflammation: polymorphonuclear leukocytes or neutrophils
Chronic: Mononuclear
Tuberculosis is an infection characterised by a specific type of chronic inflammation. What is it called?
Granulomatous inflammation - collection of macrophages
Approximately how long does it take granulation tissue to fully form?
At least a week
Name the layers of a blood vessel
From inside the lumen out
- Tunica intima
- Internal elastic lamina (when present)
- Tunica media
- External elastic lamina (when present)
- Tunica adventitia
Name the type of tight junction that holds endothelial cells together
Fascia occludens: this is a discontinuous tight junction found between most endothelial cells.
In the brain, tight junctions form a continuous rim around the circumference of the cell i.e. zonula occludens type
What is the function of vasa vasorum?
To supply oxygen and nutrients to the outer media in vessels with thick walls - the distance is too great for adequate perfusion from the vessel lumen
In which layer of the blood vessel are dissections found?
Usually the outer media
What is Marfan Syndrome? What are sufferers at risk of developing?
Marfan Syndrome is a genetic defect for fibrillin 1, resulting in inadequate formation of elastic fibres which arefragemented.
They are at risk of developing dissection
What are some possible complications of an aortic dissection?
Hemopericardium
Cardiac tamponade
Blood may dissect to coronary arteries –> severe chest pain (distal dissection), findings that suggest a stroke (carotid dissection) or MI (coronary dissection
