Small Ruminants & Camelids Flashcards
A goat presents to you with incoordination, depression, central blindness, and convulsions…top ddx?
Polioencephalomalacia
Name 4 things that can cause PEM
Thiamine deficiency
Salt toxicity
Sulfur toxicity
Lead toxicity
3 important lentiviruses that can cause neuro disease?
Caprine Arthritis-encephalitis (CAE)
Ovine progressive pneumonia (OPP)
Maedni-visna virus (MVV)
A goat presents to you with slowly progressive carpal arthritis and unilateral POSTERIOR paresis; he also shows a head tilt and circling… top ddx?
CAE
This disease presents in 2-3 year old sheep; they show hindlimb ataxia with progressive paresis and wasting…
OPP
Name one way you can prevent lentivirus infection in kids and lambs
feed colustrum from uninfected dams (or pasteurize it)
A young suffolk sheep presents to you with progressive neurological and dermatological signs (knuckling of HL & FL and pruritis with wool loss)…top ddx? easy reflex to test for?
Scrapie
Scratch reflex (nibbling when scratch lumbar area)
For antemortem testing of scrapie, what 3 tissues can be used for IHC
tonsils
3rd eyelid
rectal mucosal tissue
This disease is caused by a Flavivirus and mammals are considered a dead-end host when they become infected
West nile virus
Most common reason bacterial meningitis occurs?
failure of passive transfer
When treating bacterial meningitis, it’s important to use what type of medication?
Antibiotic with a gram (+) spectrum
Two viruses included in pestiviral infections?
Border disease virus
BVDV
A lamb presents to you with coarse, abnormally pigmented hair, ataxia, and tremors, but is otherwise alert and appetant…top ddx?
Pestiviral infection
Signs of this disease include trembling, stiff gait, and hypermetria that can worsen with excitement
Grass staggers
Causative agent of listeria?
Listeria monocytogenes
A goat presents to you with unilateral CNN dysfunctions (i.e. lack of menace, dysphagia, unilateral tongue paralysis)…top ddx?
Listeriosis
A llama presents to you with ataxia that is significantly worse in the HL than FL; CSF tap reveals increased protein and eosinophil count…top ddx?
Meningeal worm
Parelaphostrongylus tenuis
Small ruminants are considered ______ hosts for the meningeal worm. It is usually found in?
Aberrant host
White-tailed deer
MOA of tetanospasm
acts on renshaw cells (inhib interneurons) and prevents GABA release
How does tick paralysis cause neuro signs?
toxin in the saliva blocks/decreases the release of ACh at the NMJ
You arrive at farm to look at a newborn lambs; several have already died and the remaining ones show severe ataxia… top ddx?
Enzootic ataxia and swayback
Enzootic ataxia and swayback is a ________ disease; associated with ewes that don’t take in enough _______
nutritional disease
Copper
