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Advanced Clinical Management > Small Ruminant > Flashcards

Small Ruminant Flashcards

1
Q

What is an intact male sheep called?

A

Ram

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2
Q

What is an intact male goat called?

A

Buck

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3
Q

What is a castrated male sheep AND goats called?

A

Wether

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4
Q

What is the name of a weaned young goat?

A

doeling/buckling

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5
Q

What type of diet for Sheep? Goat?

A

Sheep: grazing grass (grass succulents)
Goats: Browse (twigs/leaves)

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6
Q

Do goats or sheet have wattles?

A

goats-wattles and beards

sheep-mane

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7
Q

How do sheep get aged by dentition?

A

buck teeth on bottom=1 yr
teeth next to it grow ascending with age
4 years all teeth

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8
Q

What virus causes contagious ecthyma?

A

parapox virus

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9
Q

What are the clinical signs of contagious ecythema?

A
  • vesicles
  • papules
  • crusty proliferative lesions–>lips, nose, gums
  • Lesions on tongue, conjunctiva, genitalia, udder perineum
  • reluctant to nurse/be nursed
  • reluctant to walk/eat–>weight loss
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10
Q

How do you diagnose contagious ecythma?

A
  • HX and PE
  • signalment
  • EM
  • PCR
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11
Q

How do you treat contagious ecythma?

A
  • lasts 1-4 week
  • supportive care
  • antibiotics
  • larvocides/fly repellant
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12
Q

What is the prognosis of orf?

A

morbidity >80%

mortality low and usually heals without scars

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13
Q

What are the common clostridial diseases types in goats/sheep?

A
  • type c (enterotoxemia)–>bloody scours
  • Type D (enterotoxemia)–>pulpy kidney and overeating disease
  • Tetnus
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14
Q

What are the bacteria that cause contagious agalactica in sheep and goats?

A

M. agalactica
M. mycoides sub mycoides
M. capricolum sub capricolum

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15
Q

How does contagious agalactica spread?

A

infected animals into herd

spread via milk and ocular discharge

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16
Q

What clinical signs do you see with contagious agalactica?

A

mastitis
arthritis
conjunctivitis

**may not see al three
typically you see abrupt agalactica w/ abcessation of mammary glands

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17
Q

How do you diagnose contagious agalactica?

A

culture
PCR
serology

18
Q

What are the treatment options for contagious agalactica?

A

antibiotics mitigate it but don’t cure

have to aim for prevention–>biosecurity, milking hygiene, testing

19
Q

What is contagious caprine pleuropnemonia?

A

highly contagious goat disease from Mycoplasma capricolum

subsp. capripneumoniae

20
Q

What are the clinical signs of contagious caprine pleuropnemonia?

A

mouth breathing
salivation
death within days

**can have septicemia

21
Q

What is the diagnosis for contagious caprine pleuropnemonia?

A 
PCR
latex agglutination (checks go IgM antibodies in response to mycoplasm)
22
Q

What is the etiology of Ketatoconjunctivitis?

A

causedby M.conjunctivae through direct contact/fomites

23
Q

What are the clinical signs with infectious ketatoconjunctivitis?

A

blepharospasm, conjunctivitis, lacrimation, and varying degrees of corneal opacity and ulceration

24
Q

How would you diagnose infectious ketaroconjunctivitis?

A

clinical signs

culture

25
Q

How do you treat infectious keratoconjunctivitis?

A

tetracyclines (parenteral-iv)

prevention is dust and insect control–>stress can increase the prevalence

26
Q

What is Eperythrozoonosis? CS–>TX

A

Caused my M. ovis bacteria through horizontal transfer (vertical can occur too) mainly through biting insects (midges/mosquitoes)
clinical signs: icteroanemia (acute) and ill thrift when chronic (anemia and jaundice)
DX: PCR, blood smear, serology (herd-level)
TX: tetracyclines
control by preventing blood to blood contact–>shearing, market ect

***The Mycoplasma ovis bacterium infects the red blood cells of the animals, prompting the spleen to attempt to clear the infection by destroying the diseased blood cells. It is this excessive destruction of the blood that leads to anaemia, jaundice and death. Disease outbreaks can last for 14 to 28 days.

27
Q

What is caprine Arthritis and encephalitis? What are its four clinical manifestations?

A 
Lenti Virus
Synovitis
leukocephalomyelitis
interstitial pneumonia
mastitis
28
Q

What is OPP?

A

Ovine Progressive Pneumonia
Lentivirus
CULL because virus shed in colustrum/milk
CS: progressive emaciation and debilitating pneumonia
“hard bag”–>firm udder, scant milk production no signs of inflammation

29
Q

What is the difference between OPP and CAE clinical signs?

A

CAE: polyarthritis in adults, encephalitis in kids, chronic mastitis in adults (i.e., hardbag).
OPP: pneumonia, poor-doers (weight loss, lethargic, mastitis, febrile); affects adults more
than lambs

30
Q

What clinical signs are seen with Caseous Lymphadenitis? (CLA) How do you treat?

A

-causes caseation (cheese) of lymph nodes
CS: swollen LN, draining tract, chronic weight loss
DX: serology, culture, necropsy
TX: antimicrobials (intralesional or systemic) and supportive care

31
Q

How do you prevent caseous lymphadentitis?

A

vaccination
disinfect shearing equipment (prevent contact with pus)
remove hazards in environment
prepurchase exam for lesions
serologic screening and quarantine before new introductions

32
Q

How does CLA spread?

A

is spread from animal to animal primarily through contact with material from subcutaneous abscesses (pus) or fomites (inanimate objects) contaminated with abscess material. The organism can survive several months in the soil and environment, remaining a source of infection.

33
Q

What is Bluetongue?

A

Orbivirus
primary host is sheep (others= cattle goat and deer)
spread by biting insects (culicoides-biting midges)
high morbidity w/ low mortality

34
Q

What are the clinical signs of blue tongue?

A 
severe fever lasting 5-6 days
nasal d/c
reddening of buccal/nasal mucosa
edema of face, lips and jaw
cyanosis of tongue and MM
erosion/sloughing of oral mucosa
coronitis/lameness-->reluctance to move
abortion and deformed limbs
35
Q

What is the bacteria that causes footrot in sheep?

A

Dichelobacter nodosus
and usuallly fusobacterium necrophorum
HIGHLY CONTAGIOUS–>lesion d/c

36
Q

What are the clinical signs of footrot?

A

interdigital inflammation
underrunning of soft and hard horn
severe lameness
foul smell

37
Q

What is the treatment for footrot?

A

aggressive hoof trimming
topical antibiotics
parenteral antibiotics

control:
footbaths
isolation
vx
culling
38
Q

What is foot scald?

A

caused by fusobacterium necrophorum–>cause mild-mod lameness
wet conditions (NOT contagious)
CS: interdigital dermatitis sometimes also involve the heel bulbs
TX: footbaths, dry clean pasture

39
Q

What is strawberry foot?

A

Caused by dermatophilus cogolensis
scabs and contaminated ground remain inefective for LONG periods (summer/high morbidity)
CS: proliferative dermatitis (scabs pile up from coronet to hock/knee, no itching/lameness
TX: self heal in 5-6 weeks

40
Q

What is the disease agent for Caceous Lymphadenitis?

A

cornebacterium psuedotuburculosis

Advanced Clinical Management (12 decks)

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