Small Ruminant Flashcards
What is an intact male sheep called?
Ram
What is an intact male goat called?
Buck
What is a castrated male sheep AND goats called?
Wether
What is the name of a weaned young goat?
doeling/buckling
What type of diet for Sheep? Goat?
Sheep: grazing grass (grass succulents)
Goats: Browse (twigs/leaves)
Do goats or sheet have wattles?
goats-wattles and beards
sheep-mane
How do sheep get aged by dentition?
buck teeth on bottom=1 yr
teeth next to it grow ascending with age
4 years all teeth
What virus causes contagious ecthyma?
parapox virus
What are the clinical signs of contagious ecythema?
- vesicles
- papules
- crusty proliferative lesions–>lips, nose, gums
- Lesions on tongue, conjunctiva, genitalia, udder perineum
- reluctant to nurse/be nursed
- reluctant to walk/eat–>weight loss
How do you diagnose contagious ecythma?
- HX and PE
- signalment
- EM
- PCR
How do you treat contagious ecythma?
- lasts 1-4 week
- supportive care
- antibiotics
- larvocides/fly repellant
What is the prognosis of orf?
morbidity >80%
mortality low and usually heals without scars
What are the common clostridial diseases types in goats/sheep?
- type c (enterotoxemia)–>bloody scours
- Type D (enterotoxemia)–>pulpy kidney and overeating disease
- Tetnus
What are the bacteria that cause contagious agalactica in sheep and goats?
M. agalactica
M. mycoides sub mycoides
M. capricolum sub capricolum
How does contagious agalactica spread?
infected animals into herd
spread via milk and ocular discharge
What clinical signs do you see with contagious agalactica?
mastitis
arthritis
conjunctivitis
**may not see al three
typically you see abrupt agalactica w/ abcessation of mammary glands
How do you diagnose contagious agalactica?
culture
PCR
serology
What are the treatment options for contagious agalactica?
antibiotics mitigate it but don’t cure
have to aim for prevention–>biosecurity, milking hygiene, testing
What is contagious caprine pleuropnemonia?
highly contagious goat disease from Mycoplasma capricolum
subsp. capripneumoniae
What are the clinical signs of contagious caprine pleuropnemonia?
mouth breathing
salivation
death within days
**can have septicemia
What is the diagnosis for contagious caprine pleuropnemonia?
PCR latex agglutination (checks go IgM antibodies in response to mycoplasm)
What is the etiology of Ketatoconjunctivitis?
causedby M.conjunctivae through direct contact/fomites
What are the clinical signs with infectious ketatoconjunctivitis?
blepharospasm, conjunctivitis, lacrimation, and varying degrees of corneal opacity and ulceration
How would you diagnose infectious ketaroconjunctivitis?
clinical signs
culture
How do you treat infectious keratoconjunctivitis?
tetracyclines (parenteral-iv)
prevention is dust and insect control–>stress can increase the prevalence
What is Eperythrozoonosis? CS–>TX
Caused my M. ovis bacteria through horizontal transfer (vertical can occur too) mainly through biting insects (midges/mosquitoes)
clinical signs: icteroanemia (acute) and ill thrift when chronic (anemia and jaundice)
DX: PCR, blood smear, serology (herd-level)
TX: tetracyclines
control by preventing blood to blood contact–>shearing, market ect
***The Mycoplasma ovis bacterium infects the red blood cells of the animals, prompting the spleen to attempt to clear the infection by destroying the diseased blood cells. It is this excessive destruction of the blood that leads to anaemia, jaundice and death. Disease outbreaks can last for 14 to 28 days.
What is caprine Arthritis and encephalitis? What are its four clinical manifestations?
Lenti Virus Synovitis leukocephalomyelitis interstitial pneumonia mastitis
What is OPP?
Ovine Progressive Pneumonia
Lentivirus
CULL because virus shed in colustrum/milk
CS: progressive emaciation and debilitating pneumonia
“hard bag”–>firm udder, scant milk production no signs of inflammation
What is the difference between OPP and CAE clinical signs?
CAE: polyarthritis in adults, encephalitis in kids, chronic mastitis in adults (i.e., hardbag).
OPP: pneumonia, poor-doers (weight loss, lethargic, mastitis, febrile); affects adults more
than lambs
What clinical signs are seen with Caseous Lymphadenitis? (CLA) How do you treat?
-causes caseation (cheese) of lymph nodes
CS: swollen LN, draining tract, chronic weight loss
DX: serology, culture, necropsy
TX: antimicrobials (intralesional or systemic) and supportive care
How do you prevent caseous lymphadentitis?
vaccination
disinfect shearing equipment (prevent contact with pus)
remove hazards in environment
prepurchase exam for lesions
serologic screening and quarantine before new introductions
How does CLA spread?
is spread from animal to animal primarily through contact with material from subcutaneous abscesses (pus) or fomites (inanimate objects) contaminated with abscess material. The organism can survive several months in the soil and environment, remaining a source of infection.
What is Bluetongue?
Orbivirus
primary host is sheep (others= cattle goat and deer)
spread by biting insects (culicoides-biting midges)
high morbidity w/ low mortality
What are the clinical signs of blue tongue?
severe fever lasting 5-6 days nasal d/c reddening of buccal/nasal mucosa edema of face, lips and jaw cyanosis of tongue and MM erosion/sloughing of oral mucosa coronitis/lameness-->reluctance to move abortion and deformed limbs
What is the bacteria that causes footrot in sheep?
Dichelobacter nodosus
and usuallly fusobacterium necrophorum
HIGHLY CONTAGIOUS–>lesion d/c
What are the clinical signs of footrot?
interdigital inflammation
underrunning of soft and hard horn
severe lameness
foul smell
What is the treatment for footrot?
aggressive hoof trimming
topical antibiotics
parenteral antibiotics
control: footbaths isolation vx culling
What is foot scald?
caused by fusobacterium necrophorum–>cause mild-mod lameness
wet conditions (NOT contagious)
CS: interdigital dermatitis sometimes also involve the heel bulbs
TX: footbaths, dry clean pasture
What is strawberry foot?
Caused by dermatophilus cogolensis
scabs and contaminated ground remain inefective for LONG periods (summer/high morbidity)
CS: proliferative dermatitis (scabs pile up from coronet to hock/knee, no itching/lameness
TX: self heal in 5-6 weeks
What is the disease agent for Caceous Lymphadenitis?
cornebacterium psuedotuburculosis
