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Exotics > Small Mammals > Flashcards

Small Mammals Flashcards

1
Q

Which species sand bathe?**

A

Gerbils

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2
Q

Which species has larger maxillary incisors than mandibular ***

A

Ferrets

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3
Q

Which disease of rabbits is usually latent but can present with convulsions, tremors, torticollis, coma, kidney failure? Whats a characteristic lesion of this disease? **

A

Encephalitozoonosis (granulomatous encephalitis)

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4
Q

A client is considering buying her son a pet rabbit, but has heard about the possibility of the rabbit getting her son sick. Which diseases do you need to discuss with her?

A

EPEC/EHEC

Cheyletiella

Dermatophytosis

Encephalitozoonosis

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5
Q

A client brings in three pet mice. You notice they are chattering. Which disease is this c/s almost pathognomic for?*

A

Mycoplasma pulmonis

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6
Q

In which species are the adrenal glands intimately attached to the caudal VC? **

A

Ferrets

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7
Q

A ferret with a chin rash….******

A

Canine distemper virus!

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8
Q

Chronic respiratory disease in rats is usually caused by which disease? What are the key features of the lesions?**

A

Mycoplasma pulmonis

Progressive pulmonary lesons: pinpoint gray –> absecesses

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9
Q

Which small mammals are in the Muridae family?*

A

Mice

Rats

Gerbils

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10
Q

Which small mammal lacks a gall bladder? *

A

Rats

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11
Q

Which species exhibit estivation? What does this mean? **

A

Gerbils - reduced activity in extreme heat.

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12
Q

Which species experiences age related hearing loss?**

A

Chinchillas (presbycusis)

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13
Q

What should you always do when handling a rabbit? Why?

A

Support hindlimbs (weak lumbar spine)

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14
Q

Which two guinea pig diseases are zoonotic **

A

Dermatophytosis

LCMV

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15
Q

There are a bunch of herpesviruses that cause disease in rabbits. What are the subfamilies and which is most important?**

A

Gammaherpesviridae (3 types) - subclinical

Alphaherpesviridae (LH4) - domestic rabbits, severe disease in preweanlings

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16
Q

What is the gestation of a mouse*

A

19-21 days

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17
Q

A mouse has red tears… what could explain this?

A

Harderian gland - produces Porphyrin tears

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18
Q

Which species is anisognathic**

A

Chinchillas (teeth dont line up)

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19
Q

Most common neoplasm in ferrets

A

Insulinoma

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20
Q

A hamster is brought in with incisor abnormalities. What do you suspect?**

A

Parvovirus

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21
Q

Guinea pig cytomegalovirus is of which viral family**

A

Herpes

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22
Q

Whats the ‘masquerader’ disease of ferrets - often presenting with chronic and unspecific signs

A

Lymphoma

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23
Q

Which small mammals lack a Haversian system

A

Mice

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24
Q

Which persistent disease of ferrets cuases hypergammaglobulinemia, immume complex glomerulonephritis?**

A

Aleutian disease

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25
Q

A rat is brought in with a mass at the base of its pinna. What do you suspect?*

A

Zymbal’s Gland Tumor

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26
Q

A male chinchilla has been kept busy by his four chinchilla girlfriends. He is now excessively grooming his genital area and straining to urinate. These c/s are pathognomic for which condition

A

Penile fur ring

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27
Q

A rabbit is presented with a soiled perinum and has diarrhea while being examined. You also notice it is grinding its teeth. Which pathogen?

A

Clostridum spiroforme (Enterotoxemia)

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28
Q

What is your diagnostic of choice for S. oblevata*

A

Anal tape impression

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29
Q

Which small mammal has a vaginal plug

A

Mice

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30
Q

Which respiratory disease is common in pet and wild populations of mice and rats?

A

Mycoplasma pulmonis

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31
Q

Which disease is zoonotic, but also possible for humans to transmit to ferrets?

A

Influenza

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32
Q

You observe on a new little of mice light spots on their backs? Is this normal?

A

These are milk spots. They indicate pups are nursing. NO milk spots indicates the litter is not nursing

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33
Q

Which species has 34 teeth and no diastema?**

A

Ferrets

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34
Q

On necropsy, you observe fibropurulent pleuritis. Which pathogen should come to mind?

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

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35
Q

Which species is a model of hypercholesterolemia

A

Rabbits

36
Q

In which small mammal is it routine to handle by the tail?

A

Mice

37
Q

Which species has two cervixes?**

A

Rabbits

38
Q

Whats the risk of ferrets have a small litter?

A

No induction of pregnancy - if they stay in past day 42 the kits will die

39
Q

In which small mammal may an ectopic thymus be a potential research complication

A

Mice

40
Q

A chinchilla presents with hypersalivation, pawing at the mouth and nasal discharge. These c/s are pathognomic for which disease

A

Malocclusion (‘slobbers’)

41
Q

Which small mammal species are obligate carnivores and require high protein and fat content in their diet

A

Ferrets

42
Q

There is an outbreak of meningitis at a hamster breeding facility. Which pathogen to you suspect?**

A

Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis virus (Arenaviridae)

43
Q

What are rabbits SPF for? What does SPF even mean?

A

Bordatella and Pasturella (specific pathogen free)

44
Q

Which parasite of hamsters has both direct and indirect life cycles?**

A

Rodentolepis nana (direct = 14-16d)

45
Q

Where do you collect blood in a mouse? *

A

Submandibular v.

46
Q

Which disease of rabbits causes lymphopenia and coagulopathy?**

A

Rabbit Hemorrhage Disease (Calicivirus)

47
Q

A gerbil breeder enquires about an acute disease in which gerbils have watery diarrhea and die within 5 days. Which disease and which lesions do you suspect?**

A

Tyzzers (C. piliforme)

Lesions: Warthin Starry-baccili present in hepatocytes at periphery of lesion. Infiltration of ileum and myocardium

48
Q

A client asks if her pet mouse is male or female. How do you check?

A

Anogenital distance (increased with males)

49
Q

Ulcerative dermatitis is common in which specific mice breeds?

A

C57BL/6

C57BL/10

50
Q

A rabbit breeder is concerned of high mortality in her recent litters. She describes the kits as having profuse diarrhea, listlessness and then dying within three days of the onset of these signs. What do you suspect?

A

Tyzzers (C. piliforme)

51
Q

On a mouse fecal exam, you notice parasitc eggs that are ellipsoidal and asymmetrical. What do you suspect?**

A

Aspiculara tetraptera

52
Q

Which mammals require little water to function. How do they do this?**

A

Gerbils. Kidneys have massive LOH and produce little urine.

53
Q

A rabbit comes in with conjunctivitis, coughing, and a genital tract infection. What do you suspect?

A

Pasturella multocida (‘snuffles’)

54
Q

A ferret collector recently added a young ferret to her 20+ collection. It began to lose weight and produce green diarrhea. Which pathogen do you suspect?

A

Epizootic Catarrhal Enteritis (Coronavirus)

55
Q

What is a common site for FBs in rabbits, and also has immunological properties?**

A

Sacculus rotundus (jnct of ileum, cecum, prox colon)

56
Q

On necropsy of a rabbit, you observe an enlarged liver with multifocal yellow-white lesions in the biliary tree. Which condition do you suspect? **

A

Hepatic coccidiosis

57
Q

Lack of which enzymes accounts for guinea pigs risk of scurvy**

A

L-gulonolcatone oxidase

58
Q

If you dont induce ovulation in a ferret, what may happen?

A

Aplastic anemia due to estrogen toxicosis

59
Q

T/F - only high burdens of heartworm cause c/s in ferrets

A

False - a single worm can cause c/s

60
Q

Which small mammal has big adrenal glands? Whats the purpose?**

A

Gerbils. To conserve water

61
Q

The eggs of Aspiculara tetraptera are deposited where? When are they infective?

A

Deposited at night, in a mucus layer covering feces

Infective in 6-7 days

62
Q

If you breed a guinea pig older than ____, ____ can happen**

A

> 6 months, ossification of pelvic symphis (dysocia)

Recommended to breed before six months to prevent this from happening

63
Q

Rabbit kits are brought in weak with periocular swellings, conjunctivitis and keratitis. Which condition do you suspect?**

A

Leproid herpesvirus: alphaherpesviridae (LHV-4)

64
Q

When do you vaccinate for ferret distemper?

A

8, 10, 12 weeks

65
Q

Which species is often used in allergy and cough studies

A

Guinea pigs (model of lung function impairment and bronchial secretions)

66
Q

Which species has 26-28 teeth? Why the range?**

A

Rabbits - peg teeth

67
Q

Which species have cheek pouches? What is the important feature of these pouches?**

A

Hamsters

Immunologically privileged (lack lymphatic draining)

68
Q

Which small mammals dont vomit

A

Mice

69
Q

Pine bedding is not recommended for which species? **

A

Gerbils - matting/greasy fur, induction of hepatic drug enzymes

Chinchillas - resp problems, hepatic drug enzymes

70
Q

Which species have Foa-Kurloff cells? What are they?

A

Guinea pigs. Estradiol dependent mononuclear WBC.

71
Q

You suspect your mouse patient has a mixed GI parasitic infection of A. tetraptera and S. oblevis. Which one do you have more time to treat?

A

Aspiculara tertraptera - 23-25 day lifecycle

(S. oblevis - 11-15 day lifecyle)

72
Q

Proper handling of chinchillas is important. Which two conditions can occur due to improper handling?**

A

Fur slip, tail degloving

73
Q

During rotations, a clinicians drills you on a common mouse pinworm - S. obvelata. What is its life cycle? When is it infective? How it is disseminated? ***

A

11-15 days

Infective in 6 hours

Airborne dissemination

74
Q

Which species requires vitamin C**

A

Guinea pigs

75
Q

What are the two possible phases of distemper virus in ferrets?**

A

1) Cattarhal phase (7-10 days post infection: rash on chin, pyrexia, photosensitivity…etc)
2) CNS phase (12-16 days post infection: ataxia, tremors, paralysis) - doesnt have to follow catarrhal phase

76
Q

Which disease of rats causes rat-bite fever in humans?

A

Streptobacillus moniliformes

77
Q

A ferret presents with alopecia

A

Adrenal gland disease (tumor)

78
Q

Which species dust bathe?**

A

Chinchillas

79
Q

A mouse comes in with rectal prolapse, intussception and fecal impaction. You suspect a parasite. Where would you expect to find the eggs of this parasite and how will they appear? *

A

Deposited on perianal region

Thin-shelled, crescent shaped, flat on one side

(S. oblevata)

80
Q

Which spp have precocious offspring?**

A

Guinuea pigs, chinchillas

81
Q

Which two mites often occur together on mice and rats? How are their lifecycles different? Which occupies a larger region? **

A
  1. Myocoptes musculinus - 8-14 days; larger area (inguinal, abdominal, dorsum)
  2. Myobia musculi - 23 days
82
Q

T/F - hyperkeratosis of footpads is a consistent finding of distemper in ferrets

A

False

83
Q

Which small mammal lacks T-cells and thymus

A

Nude mice

84
Q

If you suspect a mixed Aspiculara tetraptera and S. obvelata infection, can you use the same diagnostic test?**

A

No!

S. oblevata = anal tape impression (eggs laid perinanal region)

A. tetraptera = fecal float (eggs cover feces)

85
Q

How do you give oral medications in small mammals

A

Gabage needle

86
Q

Bumblefoot is caused by which pathogen**

A

Staph aureus

87
Q

Compare/Contrast: lifecycle, time to infectivity, deposition and diagnosis of S. oblevata and A. tetraptera

A

S. oblevata__A. teraptera

Lifecycle 11-15 d 23-25 d

Infectivity 6 hr 6-7 d

Deposition Perianal region In mucus on feces

Dx Anal tape impression Fecal float

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