Small Group Immunizations

Question 1

1. Distinguish between passive and active immunization.

Answer 1

passive: transfer of antibodies- specific antibodiesactive: production of antibodies

Question 2

2. Name the significant barriers to immunize in the United States.

Answer 2

mis-information physician and patient knowledgeparental beliefscostlogistics of getting to clinicgiving vaccines to sick kidsmedical contraindications

Question 3

3. Discuss which immunizations should be given to splenic patients.

Answer 3

encapsulated respiratory infectionpneumococcal conjugate and pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccinesmeningicoccal Hibspleen makes non-specific opsonization partial, you are more susceptible to septicemia, risk is highest in young children, or highest 1-2years after spleen removal; immunize before the spleen is taken out

Question 4

1. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of specific immune globulin relative to standard immune globulin.

Answer 4

gamma globulins: pooled population antibodies, non-specificspecific immune globulins: immunize a patient and then take their serum (very specific)IVIG is purified, removal of small molecule antigens that are immunogenic (able to give huge quantities)

Question 5

2. Cite the advantages of active immunization relative to passive immunization.

Answer 5

passive: transfer of antibodies- specific antibodies, fast, don’t need a working immune system, high level of protectionactive: production of antibodies, can pass on “herd immunity,” more durable lasting immunization

Question 6

3. Compare the 7 valent pneumococcal polysaccharide licensed for pediatric patients with the 23-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine licensed for adults.

Answer 6

13-valent not recognized by young immune systems (Prevnar)23 is not conjugated to a protein, just the polysaccharide coat antigens

Question 7

4. Discuss strategies that have been used to boost immunization rates in both children and adults in the United States.

Answer 7

standing orderschecking of WIRlegislation to mandate vaccines in daycares and in schools

Question 8

5. Determine which of the following are live, killed or toxoid vaccines: MMR, Hib, DTaP, IPV, varicella hep B vaccine and pneumococcal vaccines.

Answer 8

live: MMR, varicella, HPV, rotavirus, flu-mist toxoid:DTaPkilled: Hib, inactivated poliovirus, Hep A, IM flu

Question 9

What is the significance between core v. surface antibodies.

Answer 9

core: past infectionsurface: active infection or chronic infection (includes immunization)(if transmitted per-natally usually leads to chronic active infection of the baby)

Question 10

Major reservoir of rabies?

Answer 10

skunks, bats and raccoons

Question 11

What is the distinction between infection and disease?

Answer 11

infection includes the organism replicating but not causing illnessdisease occurs with development of the disease