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Positioning Spring 2015 > Small Bowel Studies > Flashcards

Small Bowel Studies Flashcards

1
Q

small intestine begins where

A

at the pyloric valve

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2
Q

3 parts of small intestine

A

duodenum
jejunum
ileum

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3
Q

duodenum

A

shortest, widest and most fixed

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4
Q

where does the duodenum join the jejunum

A

at the duodenojejunal flexure

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5
Q

jejunum

A

makes up 2/5ths of sm intestine

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6
Q

where does the bulk of chemical digestion and nutrient absorption occur

A

jejunum

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7
Q

in the jejunum what aids in absorption

A

plicae circulares

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8
Q

ileum

A

distal 3/5ths of sm intestine

longest portion

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9
Q

the last portion of the ileum is called

A

the terminal ileum

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10
Q

where does the ileum join the large intestine

A

at the ileocecal valve

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11
Q

what does the ileocecal valve do

A

controls the flow of chyme from the ileum to the cecum

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12
Q

what quadrants does the duodenum lie

A

RUQ and LUQ

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13
Q

what quadrants does the jejunum lie

A

LUQ and LLQ

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14
Q

what quadrants does the ileum lie

A

RUQ RLQ and LLQ

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15
Q

what does the large intestine consist of

A

cecum
colon
rectum
anal canal

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16
Q

how long is the large intestine

A

about 5 feet long

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17
Q

Colon consists of

A 
ascending colon 
transverse colon
descending colon
sigmoid colon 
hepatic flexure 
splenic flexure
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18
Q

are the ascending colon and descending colon retroperitoneal structures

A

YES

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19
Q

cecum

A

blind pouch inferior to the iliocecal valve

widest portion of large intestine

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20
Q

appendix (vermiform appendix)

A

attatched to cecum

opening may become obstructed and lead to appendicitis

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21
Q

appendicitis is 1 and 1/2 times more common in men that women

A

TRUE

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22
Q

what position best demonstrates the right hepatic flexure

A

LPO or RAO

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23
Q

what position best demonstrates the left splenic flexure

A

RPO or LAO

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24
Q

at the brim of the pelvis, the descending colon makes an s shaped curve and becomes

A

the sigmoid colon

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25
Q

the sigmoid colon becomes the rectum at the level of

A

S3

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26
Q

rectal ampulla

A

dilated portion of the rectum anterior to coccyx

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27
Q

anal canal direction

A

downward and back

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28
Q

taenia coli

A

ribbions of smooth muscle

creates the haustra

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29
Q

haustra

A

pouches or sacs formed by the puckering of the taenia coli

30
Q

where is the cecum located

A

intraperitoneal

31
Q

where is the ascending colon located

A

retroperitoneal

32
Q

where is the transverse colon located

A

intraperitoneal

33
Q

where is the descending colon located

A

retroperitoneal

34
Q

where is the sigmoid colon located

A

intraperitoneal

35
Q

where is the upper rectum located

A

retroperitoneal

36
Q

where is the lower rectum located

A

infraperitoneal

37
Q

in the supine position where does the air go

A

air in the transverse colon and sigmoid colon

38
Q

in the prone position where does the air go

A

air in the ascending, and descending colon and in the rectum

39
Q

what are the 4 primary functions of the large and small intestine

A
  1. digestion (mechanical and chemical)
  2. absorption
  3. reabsorption
  4. elimination
40
Q

what is the #1 primary function of the large intestine

A

defacation

41
Q

gases are called flatus and help to break down

A

proteins to amino acids

42
Q

mechanical digestion of small intestine

A 
peristalsis (wavelike contractions)
rhythmic segmentation (mixing)
43
Q

mechanical digestion of the large intestine

A
  1. peristalsis
  2. haustral churning
  3. mass peristalsis
  4. defecation
44
Q

small bowel series

A

radiographic study of the small intestine

45
Q

small bowel follow through

A

when a small bowel series is combined with an UGI

46
Q

purpose of a small bowel series

A

to study the form and function of the three components of the small bowel and detect abnormal conditions

47
Q

contraindications for a small bowel series

A

perforated hollow viscus
examples: diverticulitits/ ulcer
possible large bowel obstruction

48
Q

clinical indications

why we perform SB series (10)

A 
enteritits 
regional enteritis 
giardiasis 
ileus
meckel's diverticulum 
neoplasm 
carcinoid tumors
spru and malabsorption syndromes 
celiac disease 
whipple's disease
49
Q

enteritis

A

inflammation of small intestine

50
Q

regional enteritis (chron’s disease)

A

form of inflammatory bowel disease
causes scarring and thickening of bowel wall
produces a cobblestone look radiographically

51
Q

giardiasis

A

infection of small intestine caused by flagellate protosoan

radiographically produces dilation of intestine/ thickened plicae circulares

52
Q

ileus

A

obstruction of small intestine

53
Q

2 types of ileus

A

adynamic

mechanical

54
Q

adynamic ileus

A

cessation/ ending of peristalsis

bowel is flaccid/ soft

55
Q

mechanical ileus

A

physical blockage of bowel

caused by tumors, adhesion, hernia

56
Q

meckel’s diverticulum

A

congential defect found in ileum
outpouching of intestinal wall
best diagnosed in nuclear med

57
Q

neoplasm

A

new growth

58
Q

carcinoid tumors

A

cancerous tumors

most common site is duodenum and proximal jejunum

59
Q

spru and malabsorption syndromes

A

GI tract is unable to process and absorb certain nutrients

radiographically looks like thickening of mucosal folds

60
Q

celiac disease

A

form of malabsorption disease that affects the proximal small bowel

61
Q

whipple’s disease

A

affects proximal small bowel

62
Q

4 methods to study small bowel

A
  1. UGI
  2. small bowel only series
  3. enteroclysis
  4. intubation method
63
Q

upper GI w/ small bowel combination

A

routine UGI first
pt. ingests 2nd cup of barium
30 minute PA abdomen radiographs taken until barium reaches large bowel

64
Q

small bowel only series

A

scout KUB
2 cups of barium ingested
15-30 minute radiograph until barium reaches large bowel
1 hour interval radiographs if more time needed
spot imaging

65
Q

enteroclysis clinical indications

A

ileus
chron’s disease
malabsorption syndrome

66
Q

enteroclysis procedure

A

double contrast
special enteroclysis catheter advanced to duodenojejunal junction
air instilled to distend small intestine
fluoro spot images

67
Q

intubation method

A

single contrast
nasogastric tube placed through nose to the jejunum
water soluble iodinated or thin mixture barium instilled
conventional radiographs or fluoro images taken at specific time intervals

68
Q

2 types of intubation methods

A 
diagnostic intubation (uses single lumen catheter)
therapeutic intubation (uses double lumen catheter)
69
Q

how much Kv do you need to penetrate the barium in a SB series

A

100-125 Kv

70
Q

overheadx of SB series are done prone because

A

allows abdominal compression to separate loops of bowel

71
Q

what can be done for an asthenic patient for a SB series

A

trendelenburg to separate overlapping loops of bowel

Positioning Spring 2015 (6 decks)

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