Small Animal

Question 1

A middle-aged, depressed, coughing, exercise-intolerant Doberman Pinscher is presented. The dog has a rapid and irregular hear rate. What disease is at the top of the ddx list?

A - dilated cardiomyopathy

B - mitral regurgitation

C - left-sided congestive heart failure

D - Wolf Parkinson White syndrom

E - tricuspid insufficiency

Answer 1

A - dilated cardiomyopathy

Px is guarded and especially poor for Dobies. May live 6mo-2yrs with Rx

Rx = 3 D’s –> Diet (low salt), vasoDilators (Enalapril), Diuretics (furosemide), =/- Digoxin (+inotrope)

Question 2

A 3-year-old Irish Setter present with a history of lameness and swelling in the distal forelimb. What is the presumptive diagnosis?

A. Panosteititis

B. Hypertrophic osteodystrophy

C. Osteomyelitis

D. Osteosarcoma

E. Osteochondrosis

Answer 2

D - osteosarcoma is a COMMON aggressive bone tumor typically found in appendicular skeleton, especially the distal radius. 90% have microscopic metastasis by the time of diagnosis.

osteosarcoma usually does NOT cross joints, whereas osteomyelitis usually does.

Question 3

A practice is using an FeLV test with a sensitivity of 90% and a specificity of 95%. Assuming the prevelance of feline leukemia in the area is 5%, what is the PPV of the test?

A. 45%

B. 48%

C. 55%

D. 88%

E. 90%

Answer 3

B - 48%

Question 4

You are presented with a bitch that whelped her first litter 2 weeks ago. Two of the pups have died and the remaining 2 have neurological signs, suckle poorly, and cry constantly. Which one of the following choices is the primary ddx?

A. Canine herpes virus

B. Canine parvovirus

C. Neonatal septicemia

D. Transplacental roundworm infection

E. Congenital disease

Answer 4

A - canine herpes virus

CHV rarely causes disease other than mild respiratory signs in adult dogs. However, naive newborns have high morbidity and mortality if infected at less than 3 weeks of age.

Question 5

A 1-year old FS mixed terrier is presented with a 1-wk history of coughing, lethargy, fever, and inappetence. Based on the history and the iages, which one of the following choices is the most likely dx?

A. Diaphragmatic hernia of ventral liver lobe

B. Hiatal hernia

C. Spirocerca lupi

D. Heartworm disease

E. Left caudal lung lobe abscess

Answer 5

E - left caudal lung lobe abscess

Question 6

Which of the following correctly describes placement of the electrodes when performing and ECG on a dog or cat?

A. White on LA, black on RA, red on RL

B. White on RA, black on LA, red on LL

C. Red on RA, green on LL, black on LA

D. Black on RA, white on LL, red on RL

E. Red on LL, green on RA, black on LA

Answer 6

B - white on RA, black on LA, red on LL

If green is used, it is on the RL

Question 7

Which one of the following choices is the most appropriate next step after a 3-yo stray cat tests positive for FIV on a routine ELISA screening test?

A. Recheck serum by FIV complement fixation test

B. Do a Rivalta test to rule out feline coronavirus-related interference

C. Pull a blood sample for FeLV Antigen test

D. Pull a blood sample for a Western blot FIV test

E. Euthanize

Answer 7

D - pull a blood sample for a Western blot FIV test

Note that cats vaccinated for FIV will test positive for FIV antibodies by ELISA and Western blot.

Also, uninfected kittens up to 6 months of age born to seropositive queens can also be seropositive due to persistence of maternal antibodies.

Question 8

A dog presented with the following findings.

What is the anion gap?

A. 28.1

B. 34.5

C. 28.3

D. 31.2

E. 42.2

Answer 8

B - 34.5

Anion gap = (positives)-(negatives) = (Na+ and K+) - (Cl- and HCO3-)

If HCO3 is not available, then TCO2 can be used instead.

Increased anion gap is typically increased with:

• diabetic ketoacidosis
• renal insufficiency
• ethylene glycol toxicity
• lactic acidosis from grain overload or strenuous exercise

Question 9

It is your first day on the job and your boss says there is a dog in room two with Horner’s syndrome. Which four signs correctly constitute Horner’s syndrome?

A. Sweating ipsilaterally, exopthalmia, sunken nictitans, mydriasis

B. Dry eye ipsilateral, miosis, sunken nictitans, exopthalmos

C. Proptosed nictitans, lip deviated ipsilaterally, miosis, anhidrosis

D. Protruding nictitans, bupthalmia, ptosis, mydriasis

E. Miosis, protruding nictitans, enopthalmos, ptosis

Answer 9

E - Miosis, protruding nictitans, enopthalmos, ptosis

remember “My 3rd Sunken Toe” = Miosis, 3rd lid protrudes, sunken eye (enopthalmos), ptosis (dropped eyelid) + “sweaty horses”

Question 10

A 9-yo FS Brittany is present with a 1-wk history of apparent disorientation and bumping into things around the house. The owners report recent weight gain, increased appetite, increased water-drinking and frequent urinary accidents. The dog is obese but otherwise appears healthy and afebrile. The pupils are dilated and poorly responsive to light. The ocular fundus appears normal OU (both eyes). In addition to routine labwork (CBC, chem, UA) what other diagnostic test should be considered?

A. Genetic testing for rod-cone photoreceptor dysplasia

B. ACTH stimulation

C. Serum, urine ornithine concentration

D. Gradual water deprivation test

E. Tonometry

Answer 10

B - ACTH stimulation

Sudden-onset blindness in an older dog with normal fundi suggests SARD (sudden acquired retinal degeneration), which is associated with metabolic abnormalities including HAC.

Question 11

Histopathology findings show intestinal crypt necrosis and lymphoid depletion of Peyer’s patches. The sample came from a 4-mo male Rottweiler puppy that died following a severe illness with vomiting, fever, and neutropenia. Which one of the following choices is the most likely diagnosis?

A. Enterotoxigenic E. coli

B. Thumic hypoplasia

C. Distemper

D. Parvovirus

E. Canine adenovirus-1

Answer 11

D - Parvovirus

Expected findings:

• intestinal crypt necrosis
• lymphoid depletion of Peyer’s patches
• shortened, blunt villi
• collapse of the lamina propria
• severely neutropenic and lymphopenic

Question 12

Which parasite can cause cutaneous larva migrans in people?

A. Habronema spp

B. Trichuris spp

C. Spirocerca spp

D. Trichostrongylus spp

E. Ancylostoma spp

Answer 12

E - Ancylostoma spp

HOOKWORMS!

Question 13

Which choice is associated with osteosarcoma and hypertrophic osteopathy?

A. Spirocerca lupi

B. Coccidioidomycosis

C. Habronema spp

D. Blastomycosis

E. Ollulanus tricuspis

Answer 13

A - Spirocerca lupi

ESOPHAGEAL WORMS

Make reactive granulomas of variable size in the esophageal, gastric or aortic walls. Granulomas may become neoplastic (osteosarcoma, fibrosarcoma).

Question 14

Hyperadrenocorticism is suspected in a 9-yo female spayed dog with a 2-mo history of increased appetite, thirst and urinary accidents. Which of the following diagnostic test is most reliable when results are positive?

• Urine Cortisol Creatinine Ratio (UCCR). Sensitivity 90%, Specificity 25%
• ACTH Stimulation. Sensitivity 80%, Specificity 85%
• Low Dose Dexamethasone Suppression. Sensitivity 95%, Specificity 50%

A. LDDS

B. ACTH Stimulation

C. UCCR

D. cannot say w/out knowing the PPV

E. cannot say w/out knowing the NPV

Answer 14

B - ACTH Stimulation

Question 15

What is the average length of estrus in the cat?

A. 2-3 days

B. 4-5 days

C. 9-10 days

D. 6-7 days

E. 21 days

Answer 15

D. 6-7 days

cats are seasonally polyestrus and induced ovulators. Length of estrus depends on the presence of a male. When present, estrus lasts 1-4 days. When absent, estrus lasts 7-10 days and repeats every 2-3 weeks.

cats go into anestrus in december and january when day length is <12 hours.