SM143 Intro to Endocrine

Question 1

Sites of release and action: endocrine, exocrine, paracrine, autocrine?

Answer 1

Endocrine: circulation, distant target tissues
Exocrine: ducts, cells at the end of the duct
Paracrine: extracellular space, nearby cells
Autocrine: gland, acts on itself

Question 2

Where are the receptors for peptide hormones? Steroid hormones? Amino acid derivative hormones?

Answer 2

Peptides: surface receptors
Steroids: bind cytoplasmic receptors and then enter nucleus to regulate gene expression
AA derivatives: bind nuclear receptors after being metabolized

Question 3

Describe the TSH feedback loop

Answer 3

Negative feedback: TRH from hypothalamus –> TSH from pituitary –> T3/T4 from the thyroid –| hypothalamus

Question 4

Is negative feedback or positive feedback more common?

Answer 4

Negative

Question 5

Anterior pituitary hormones?

Answer 5

F - FSH
L - LH
A - ACTH
T - TSH
P - Prolactin
I - ignore
G - GH

Question 6

Posterior pituitary hormones?

Answer 6

Vasopressin/ADH

Oxytocin

Question 7

Effect on blood glucose: insulin? glucagon?

Answer 7

Insulin: decrease, glucagon: increase

Question 8

Diabetes Type I vs. Type II

Answer 8

Type I: autoimmune dx with loss of insulin production, Type II: resistance to insulin, less production, obesity a factor