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BI302 > S.M Lecture 4 > Flashcards

S.M Lecture 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Parovoviridae Family, 6 genera divided between 2 subfamiles. Name the two sub families.

A
  • Parvovirinae - vertebrate hosts
  • Densovirinae - arthropod hosts
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2
Q

Name the genus, type species and host organisms of the Parvovirinae sub family

A
  • Parvovirus - Mice minute virus - vertebrates
  • Erythrovirus - B19 virus - vertebrates
  • Dependovirus - Adeno-associated virus 2 - vertebrates
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3
Q

Name the genus, type species and host organisms of the Densovirinae sub family

A
  • Densovirus - Jumonia coenia densovirus - invertebrates
  • Iteravirus - Bombym mori densovirus - invertebrates
  • Contravirus - Aedes aegypti densovirus - invertebrates
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4
Q

What is another name for the B19 virus?

A

erythema infectiosum or fifth disease

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5
Q

What group of people are more susceptible to the B19 virus?

A

More common in children than adults
About 20% of children and adults who get infected with this virus will not have any symptoms

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6
Q

Signs and Symptoms of B19 virus

A
  • mild and nonspecific, fever, runny nose and headache
  • Rash on face and body (slapped cheek rash)
  • Painful or swollen joints (polyarthyopathy syndrome)
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7
Q

Transmission of B19 Virus

A
  • B19 transmission through polyarthropathy respiratory secretions (such as saliva, sputum, or nasal mucus) when an infected person coughs or sneezes.
  • Likely not contagious after rash
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8
Q

Tropism of Human B19 virus

tropism refers to the ability of a virus to infect specific types of cells or tissues in a host organism.

A
  • human erythroid progenitor cells & foetal liver cells
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9
Q

Characteristics of the Human B19 virus

A
  • Icosahedral Capsid
  • Nonenveloped
  • ss DNA (linear) nonsegmented
  • 25nm diameter
  • consist only of protein (50%) + DNA (50%)
  • 2 capsid proteins, VP1-2. 60 capsomeres. VP2 (95%) and VP1 (5%)
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10
Q

What is the purpose of the capsid proteins on B19 Virus ?

A

The capsid confers considerable stability on the virions , which are resistant to inactivation by pH, solvents or high temperatures (1h @ 50 ° C).

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11
Q

B19 V genome organisation

A

Linear ss DNA genome (Generally ve, sometimes +)
5kb, flanked by terminal (TR) repeats (hairpins)

see slide 14

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12
Q

B19V gene expression

A
  • B19 is difficult to grow in culture (erythrocyte progenitor cells required)
  • Poorly understood
  • Little known of its biology
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13
Q

What is hydrops fetalis?

A

B19 infection in pregnancy is also associated with miscarriage, although the probability of this appears to be low (<10%). Hydrops fetalis

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14
Q

Reticulocytopenia

A
  • Loss of rbc due to infection of reiculocytes
  • Aplastic crisis leads to AIDS and sickle cell anaemia
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15
Q

Is there a treatment to B19?

A
  • No treatment, but Intravenous immunoglobin therapy
  • No vaccine
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16
Q

What group is Herpesviridae?

A
  • Baltimore group I
17
Q

Name the subfamililies of herpesviridae

A
  • Alpha herpesviruses (e.g. Human herpesvirus simplex (Cold sores); HHV (HHV)– 1 or Herpes 2 (genital herpes); HHV3 or Varicella or Herpes zoster virus (Chickenpox/shingles)
  • Beta herpesviruses (e.g. HHV5 or Human Cytomegalovirus)
  • Gamma herpesviruses (HHV 4 or Epstein Barr Virus)
18
Q

Latency

A

quiescent state of viral infection with minimal effect on cell function

19
Q

Characteristic of HHV1

A
  • Complex and large (200nm)
  • Lipid envelop (10 proteins, gB, gN)
  • Tegument (15 proteins)
  • Icosahedral nucleocapsid
  • Linear ds DNA genome
  • Nonlytic (budding) gB binds to extracellular matrix proteins HHV 1 is pantropic
20
Q

HHV1 Genome organisation

A

Linear ds DNA genome 126kb Unique long (U L ) region,
26kb Unique short (U s flanked by terminal (TR) or internal (IR) inverted repeats >84 ORFs (Ori;3)

21
Q

How is HHV1-Disease transmitted?

A

Exchange body fluids (saliva).

22
Q

How is HHV1-Disease treated?

A

Acyclovir

23
Q

Primary Infection HHV-1 Disease

A
  • Inapparent or Mouth ulcers (Mucosal), whitlow (skin), or rare more serious forms
  • HHV1 establishes a persistent infection (not cleared by the immune system).
  • After 1st infection in buccal mucosa, HHV travels via nerve cells to trigeminal ganglion where it remains 1 latent
  • In some people it reactivates (UV, other infection, stress etc)
24
Q

Reactivated infection of HHV-1 Disease

A

Cold sores uveitis/keratitis (rare) Immunosuppressed (renal transplant) large necrotic lesions of face.

25
Q

HHV-1 Latency

A
  1. Virus binds to extracellular matric
  2. Tegument proteins corrupt cell function, viral core (capsid) goes to nucleus
  3. DNA circualizes and transcribes LAT mRNA and small number LAT proteins
26
Q

Where does HSV establish latent infection?

A
  • HSV establishes latent infection in neurons; neurons do not divide, which allows the viral genome to avoid complete replication in order for the virus to remain in the neuron for the lifetime of the cell

BI302 (11 decks)

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