SLR 1 Flashcards
What is von Neumann architecture?
Consists of:
CPU
Control Unit
ALU
Onboard Cache
Internal Clock
How does the fetch-decode-execute cycle work?
Fetch-Fetching the next instruction from main memory (RAM)
Brings the instruction back into the CPU
Decode-Inspects the instruction and work out what it is that needs doing
Execute-Carries out instruction by going back to main memory to grab data or performing a calculation etc.
What is the address bus used for?
Carries the addresses which data needs to be written to or read from.
What is a register?
Tiny, super fast pieces of onboard memory inside the CPU, each with a very specific purpose.
What is the clock and what does it do?
The electronic unit that synchronises related components by generating pulses at a constant rate
What is meant by main memory?
RAM (Random Access Memory)
What is the control bus used for?
Carries command and control signals telling components where they should be receiving reads or writes
What is the function of the CPU?
To fetch, decode and execute instructions
What is the Arithmetic Logic Unit?
The component that performs logical decisions and calculations
What is the control unit?
Sends signals to control how data moves around the CPU.
What is magnetic storage?
Magnetic (Hard disk drive, tape)
High storage capacity
Quick to access data
Has moving parts which eventually fail
Hard disks perform better if defragmented
What are some examples of embedded systems?
Traffic lights
Domestic appliances
Factory equipment
Hospital equipment
What is the need for secondary storage?
Secondary storage is needed because the memory in a computer system is either RAM or ROM. ROM is read only and RAM is volatile.
What is the purpose of embedded systems?
A computer with a dedicated function within a larger mechanical system
List common types of storage
Optical (CD, DVD, Blu-Ray)
Magnetic (Hard disk drive, tape)
Solid State (SSD, Memory sticks, Flash memory cards)
