SLp653- Paige Flashcards
Lesion location for the different Aphasia types
- Brocas
- wernickes
- Conduction
- Anomic Aphasia
- Transcortical Motor Aphasia
- Transcortical Sensory Aphasia
- Global Aphasia
- SubCortical Aphasia
Brocas aphasia
Lateral frontal, suprasylvian, pre-Rolandic, extending into adjacent subcortical periventricular white matte
Wernicke’s Aphasia
Posterior third of superior temporal gyrus
Conduction Aphasia
Supramarginal gyrus and underlying white matter pathways; Wernicke’s area; left insula and auditory cortex
Anomic Aphasia:
Angular gyrus second temporal gyrus
Transcortical motor Aphasia:
Anterior frontal paramedian; anterior and superior to broca’s area
Transcortical sensory Aphasia:
Posterior parieto-temporal, sparing Wernicke’s area
Global Aphasia:
Large Perisylvian, extending deep into subjacent white matter
Subcortical Aphasia:
Thalamus
Head of caudate nucleus, putamen, and/or internal capsule
The differences between the PNS and CNS
- PNS (Peripheral Nervous System): is composed of the cranial nerves and the spinal nerves.
- CNS (Central Nervous System): is composed of the brain and the spinal cord.
What is the primary function of the Frontal Lobe?
-Primary function is voluntary control of movement throughout the whole body. Also contributes to abstract thinking, problem solving, and judgment often called executive function. Damage to this part of the brain can cause behavior/ personality changes including impaired judgment, poor strategic planning, and impaired insight
What is the primary function of the Parietal Lobe?
Primary function is perception and elaboration of somesthetic sensations (e.g., bodily awareness, sensation, including touch, pressure, and position in space). Damage to this area can result in loss of sensation to touch, impaired recognition of one’s own body, and loss of the ability to appreciate spatial concepts, so called where and when processing.
What is the primary function of the Temporal Lobe?
Primary function is hearing and analysis of auditory signals. Wernicke’s area is located here (analyzes auditory stimuli to the point of comprehension)
What is the primary function of the Occipital Lobe?
Primary function is vision.
What is aphasia? And what is present in every case of Aphasia?
- Aphasia is an acquired language disorder resulting from damage to brain areas that subserve the formulation and understanding of language and its components.
- ANOMIA is present in every case of aphasia (Greater than normal word retrieval problems)
Which aphasia syndromes are characterized as “non-fluent”?
- Broca’s Aphasia
- Transcortical Motor Aphasia
- Mixed Non-fluent Aphasia
- Global Aphasia
Which aphasia syndromes are characterized as “borderline fluent”?
- Anterior Capsular-Putaminal Aphasia
- Posterior Capsular–Putaminal Aphasia
- Thalamic Aphasia
Which aphasia syndromes are characterized as “fluent”
- Wernicke’s aphasia
- Transcortical Sensory Aphasia
- Conduction Aphasia
- Anomic Aphasia
Differences/similarities between normal aging and aphasia presentation
- Language changes seen in normal aging are due to a combination of factors including deficits in lexical access, progressive perceptual problems , and increasing impairment of processing efficiency
- age - related decline in working memory influence free recall of words lists and generative naming of items within categories
- In contrast, long term memory is relatively resistant to aging.
- Slowed cognitive processing speed common aging mechanism
- Hearing and vision changes are common in aging
What is PPA?
Primary Progressive Aphasia: term given to a family of neurodegenerative disorders in which progressive language impairment is prominent.
type of dementia
What are the CranialNerves?
- Olfactory: smell
- Optic: vision
- Oculomotor: eye movements
- Trochlear: controls muscles that directs vision downward and and rotates the eyeball toward the nose.
- Trigeminal: sensation of face; chewing
- Abducens: controls the muscle that produce lateral eyeball movement.
- Facial: control of muscles of facial expression
- Acoustic: Hearing, balance, equilibrium
- Glossopharyngeal: sensation to pharynx & posterior ⅓ of tongue
- Vagus: motor control of palate, pharynx, larynx
- Accessory: head turing; shoulder shrugging
- Hypoglossal: control of tongue movement
What is CT?
- Computed Tomography
- provides one of the most clinically accessible imaging tools available to physicians; X-ray taken of part of a body from different angles then images are represented by means of a computerized reconstruction algorithm.
What is PET?
- Positron Emission Tomography
- enables visualization of cerebral metabolic activity
What is MRI?
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging
- uses a strong magnetic field to produce a temporary realignment of the nuclei of atoms in the cells of the tissue being studied (like iron filings lining up and pointing in same direction when placed near a magnet)
