Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Global Politics > SLP, HR, DV > Flashcards

SLP, HR, DV Flashcards

1
Q

Hard Power

A

Military Force, Economic Sanctions, e.g. Ukraine
Not effective, international conflicts declining.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Soft Power

A

Cultural Outreach and influence, e.g. Foreign Aid

Takes a long time to achieve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Realism

A

States operate in an anarchic global system in which the main goal is survival by acquiring more power in a rational manner.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Classical Realism

A

Power is an end

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Structural Realism

A

Power is a means to an end

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Offensive S.R

A

it makes sense for states to pursue as much power as possible (hegemony)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Defensive S.R

A

The GP system punishes states which maximise power - states should limit power

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Liberalisn

A

States and societies have complex interdependency: multiple channels, issues, declining military force

considers NSAs, for example MNCs, NGOs, IGOs in GP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

internal sovereignty

A

states having control over what happens in their borders (Justice, Tax, Economy)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

External Sovereignty

A

States interacting on the global stage without intervening in each other’s borders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Sovereignty assumes

A

permanent population, borders, government and capacity for and legitimacy in inter-state relations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

statehood is generally recognised internationally by the UN

A

but, there are also many contested borders around the world

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

realism in sovereignty

A

sovereignty is only breached in the interest of the state doing the breaching

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

liberalism in sovereignty

A

sovereignty is not the only important principle and therefore intervention is sometimes necessary when power is abused

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

interdependence

A

in the globalised world, all groups are increasingly reliant on and influenced by each other

economic interdependence (trade)
Political interdependence (impact of political decisions on nearby states)
global challenges (climate change)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

IGO

A

work together to solve issues, when acting alone is insufficient
persuading other states to adopt policies for national interest
protecting/increasing power

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

UN objectives

A

global peace and security
protecting human rights
advancing human and economic development
tackling global challenges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

economic IGO: world trade organisation

A

trade disputes (sometimes stalemate)
preventing poverty/ promoting development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Hybrid IGOs: EU

A

commission, parliament, court of justice, central bank

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

challenges to global governance

A

prioritising national interest (realism)
lack of true power

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

democratic/ popular legitimacy

A

Balance of Powers (executive, legislative, judiciary)
International Law

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

NGOs and extremist groups gain legitimacy…

A

the recognition of states or IGOs, whereas an IGO is usually legitimized by a treaty or formal international agreement.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Human Rights

A

The UDHR (1948) is a codification of Human Rights which are universal, interdependent, indivisible and inalienable.

However, it has been criticised as they are not enforceable and have a western viewpoint focus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

negative rights

A

freedom from interferences, e.g. right to freedom of torture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

positive right

A

positive actions to promote rights, e.g. right to free education

26
Q

Justice

A

an effective justice system must be governed by the rule of law and not by those in power, meaning that everyone is subject to the same law, no one is above the law and everyone has the right to fair trial. this upholds human rights

27
Q

Liberty

A

Freedom of individuals to live a life free of interference wherein they can flourish. Article 3-21 of UDHR are natural rights/ first generation rights.
predominantly negative rights

28
Q

Equality

A

All individuals are treated the same as per second generation rights
mostly positive and require governments to provide free education, adequate healthcare and to protect the right of equal pay

29
Q

Third generation rights

A

generally apply to cultural or community rights (from local to global), such as rights to peace, development and relationships with the natural environment

30
Q

first, second and third generation rights

A

highly interdependent, for example, right to access education is connected to freedom of thought and speech. Threats to human rights are usually systemic, as the government is responsible for the protection of rights

31
Q

upholding human rights requires

A

codification, protection, promotion and monitoring

32
Q

codification

A

formal definition in law
codification is more effective at a national level than international or regional level, where there are fewer courts to enforce the law

33
Q

Maslow’s Hierachy of Needs

A

describes development as the struggle to fulfill human needs, from biological to self actualisation

self actualisation: pursue inner talent, creativity and fulfilment

self esteem: achievement mastery, recognition, respect

Belonging: love, friends, family, spouse, lover

safety: security, stability, freedom from fear

physiological: food, water, shelter, warmth

34
Q

protection

A

active protection of rights through independent courts
protection of human rights at the international and regional level is challenged by the inability of courts to enforce the law on member states, but national court cannot always be dependent on to protect human rights because they are often the violators of those rights

34
Q

promotion

A

groups championing human rights, for example NGOs like Amnesty International

the promotion of human rights suffers in nations who do not uphold them, and at the regional and international level where it is not always unbiased

35
Q

Cultural Relativism

A

Some argue that a single set of HR does not recognise a diversity of cultural, ethnic or religious values

nations often argue that their unique cultural or religious identities are not compatible with the rights set out in the UDHR

critics argue that relativists pick and choose HR to suit political circumstances or fail to challenge outdated traditions

35
Q

monitoring

A

active monitoring of rights through independent bodies, e.g. UN HR council and NGOs

the role of monitoring often falls on objective NGOs or other organisations particularly in states abusing human rights who are unwilling to monitor their own record

35
Q

politisication of human rights

A

A significant challenge in HR protection is the lack of consistency in treatment of rights violations in different states, caused by political issues. Given the power of the UN HR council in authoritizing military action or focusing on convictions in one state rather than another, there is an argument that HR are just arguments used for political gain. HR enforcement can also thus be affected by social opinion and other agendas

36
Q

human development

A

the extent to which people’s freedoms and oppurtunities are maximised, with a link to well being

37
Q

economic development

A

economic growth through the increase of productivity and revenue

38
Q

socio-political development

A

development in terms of social development, like gender equality

39
Q

income based measurements of development

A

GDP per capita, mean
- simple and accessible
- does not consider income distribution

gini coefficent
- considers distribution of income (closer to 0, more equal), supports info from GDP
- requires further support in some cases

40
Q

holistic measures of development

A

Human development index (HDI):
- considers life expectancy, education and income
- describes long term changes, rather than short term

Happy Plant Index:
- consider impact on environment
- disregards issues such as HR or non-CO2 impacts on environment

41
Q

modernisation theory

A

based on the western model for development, suggesting only one path to development
1. traditional society with subsitence agriculture , low levels of technology
2. societies introduce money and a class of entrepenurs with scientific values forms
3. values which encourage economic growth are common and economic sectors forms
4. economies diversifies with a variety of goods. standards rise and poverty decreases
5. wealth leads to the mass consumption of consumer goods

42
Q

dependency theory

A

rooted in marxism, focuses on the structure of the world economy. believes that underdeveloped states are locked into an unequal system of trade and exist on the periphery of the economy. The development of the industralised west came with the exploitation of others. However, it can lead states to nationalise economically at a massive cost

43
Q

Neoliberalist Theory

A

the free market is the most efficent and fair way to generate economic growth. Free enterprise leads to healthy competition which results in a stronger economy. The government ought to spend less on public services, which will encourage more people to work for their own living
-privatisation of services doesn’t necessarily lower corruption or efficent use of resources
- ‘trickle down’ theory puts too much power in the hands of the rich , who ultimately make decisions to benefit themselves

44
Q

the washington consensus

A

lighter version of neo-liberalism, wherein strong institutions and the free market coexist. it finds balance between deregulation and strong government which respects individual liberties

45
Q

globalisation

A

the process of interaction and integration, occuring between peoples, trading entities and governments

46
Q

economic globalisation

A

interdependence of economies globally, states access freer of movement of capital and have access to cheaper labour, MNCs access more trade and investment oppurtunities, mixing of cultures via products and foods, and there is less potential for armed conflict because economies are interdependent

47
Q

political globalisation

A

increasing global governance, the influence of IGOs and NGOs, citizens and private groups can access powerful groups beyond their nation, states are more accoutnable to IGOs and NGOs and cultural norms are promoted on a global platform, e.g. UDHR and Human Rights

48
Q

Cultural Globalisation

A

sharing of ideas, meanings and values across the world. usually, as a result of media products. citizens access rights, norms and expectations which influence ideals and aspirations, cultures are homogenized (western culture around the world) or hybridised (mixing of cultural/religeous norms)

49
Q

Globalisation advantages

A

global economic growth improvement of standards of living
spread of democracy, greater freedoms
cultural development leading to acknowledgement of rights of marginalised groups

50
Q

disadvantages

A

growing wealth gap within nations (class divide as a result of pre-existing wealth)
wage and price competition and the lowering of minimum wages/ prices which benefits large corporations but not workers, as major groups can find cheaper labour across the world and consumers find the cheapest product.
Lack of regulation of safety and workers rights
Lack of cultural diversity- movement toward western monoculture around the world, especially in enterprise, where corporations of other cultures struggle

51
Q

sustainability

A

the capacity of countries and groups to maintain themselves by reducing factors which threaten wellbeing

52
Q

economic sustainability

A

establishing infrastructure for transport, investing in education and research, increasing jobs and reducing corruption
influence of globalisation: new ideas and market oppurtunities, new technology, reducing tariffs

53
Q

social sustainability

A

reducing factors which impact human social wellbeing by addressing poverty, social injustice and discrimination against marginalised groups (women, LGBTQ+, race divides)

influence of globalisation: new ideas about gender roles and oppurtunities for women to run businesses. new technologies (e.g. contraception) also has influence

54
Q

environmental sustainability

A

ensuring long-term reliance on the environment. there is a point of tension between poor and rich countries (Northern hemisphere- often rich, southern hemisphere often poor) about addressing environmental sustainability. Rich countries benefitted off of destroying the environment to develop, but now there is a higher standard set for developing economies

55
Q

peace

A

the absense of violent conflict. measuring peace can become complicated so a deeper assessment of harmony within an area is required

56
Q

negative peace, realist view, liberalist view

A

an abscense of active, organised violence by both state and nonstate groups. there is some ambiguity, however, due to class divides or other violence within states

realist view: the natural form of peace in a world of anarchy
liberalist view: the first step toward positive peace

57
Q

harmony

A

individuals within society working together despite differences, measured via polls - which indicate public attitude, e.g. reconciliation and forgiveness

58
Q

violence

A

physical or psychological harm via physical force or societal structures. reducing violence involves ceasefire

59
Q

positive peace, realist, liberalist

A

observes methods of sustaining peace beyond negative peace, where conflict is neutralised and society is just

realist view: unrealistic as it is natural for states to compete and for conflict to arise

liberal view: the desired end state in conflict situations (achieveable). requires reconcilation and growth on alls ides

Global Politics (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions