slp exam2 Flashcards
What is literacy
reading and writing
related to cognitive ability, language impairment, academic skills, abstract thinking
decoding
breaking down words, blending the sounds together into recognizable real words
phonological awareness
the knowledge of sounds and syllables and word structures, ability to manipulate sounds and associate letters and sounds
dynamic literacy
relates content to prior knowledge through deductive and inductive reasoning, analyzing and discussing content -> book report
reading comprehension
associate what is known with what is decoded
dialogue reading
an interactive method of reading -> picture books
emerging literacy - social interactions
sharing conversation about the book (child and caregiver)
reading impairments def
related to receptive and expressive language difficulties, possible articulation difficlties, language - learning disabilities, nuerological/physical/intelletual genetic disabilities
reading impairments are results of
poor word recognition/ decoding abilities, reduced phonological processing, poor word attack skills, poor auditory discrimination, weaknesses in word retrieval, grammar, syntax, semantics, visuospatial skills
children with SLDL compared to typical children
comparable verbal IQ/ listening comprehension, below average word reading, below avg decoding, below avg phonological processing
hyperlexia
typical or above average ability to read, poor reading comprehension, obsession with letters and words, coexists with poor social skills
what is aphasia
involves disturbances in a receptive and expressive language spoken and written
causes of aphasia
cerebrovascular accident (stroke), brain tumor, TBI, infections or toxin exposure, dementia, right hemisphere disorder
four lobes
frontal lobe - primary motor cortex
parietal lobe - primary sensory cortex
temporal lobe - primary auditory cortex
occipital lobe - primary visual cortex
corpus callosum
interhemispheric communication
hemiparesis
hemisphere weakness
hemiplegia
hemisphere paralysis
hemisensory impairment
sensationhas gone from the parietal lobe
hemianopsia
damage to the occipital lobe, loss of vision
dysphagia
swallowing problem
agnosia
loss of semantics
agrammatism
loss of grammar, Broca’s aphasia
agraphia
loss of writing
alexia
problem reading
anomia
problem naming objects, word has gone problem
jargon
real words put together in proper syntax but it doesn’t make sense
neologism
problem with new words
paraphasia
substitutions in speech
verbal stereotype (stereotypy)
same thing over and over
semantic paraphasia
sub of one word for another, same semantic set
emotional lability
an extreme emotional reaction to a minor event
types of fluent aphasia
wernicke’s aphasia
conduction aphasia
anomic aphasia
transcortical sensory aphasia
nonfluent aphasia
broca’s aphasia
transcortial motor aphasia
mixed aphasia
global aphasia
Broca’s aphasia
the frontal lobe, expressive aphasia, nonfluent, short sent., slow labored speech good auditory comprehension and reading comprehension, poor repetition
wernicke’s aphasia
the temporal lobe, receptive aphasia, fluent/ hyperfluent, poor auditory and visual comp., verbal paraphasia and neologism, jargon sent. mild to severe anomia, poor repetition
conduction aphasia
parietal lobe, good auditory comprehension or midly impaired, mostly fluent speech, paraphasia, anomia, impaired imitation skills
global aphasia
all lobes, poor auditory comp, limited expressive skills, often stereotypic, severe anomia, awful imitation skills
what is a motor speech disorder
speech deficit caused by damage to the CNS and PNS, results in dysarthria and apraxia
pyramidal tract
responsible for rapid, discrete, volitional movements of limbs and articulators
extrapyramidal tract
regulates reflexes and maintains posture and muscle tone
peripheral nervous system
cranial nerves - 12 pairs
spinal nerves - 31 pairs
flaccid dysarthria
damage to cranial and spinal nerves, weak and low tone
caused by bells palsy, progressive bulbar palsy
spastic dysarthria
damage to cranial and spinal nerves increased or hyperactive muscle tone, vocal folds can abruptly close causing strained-strangled voice
ataxic dysarthria
damage to the cerebellum, incoordination, reduced muscle tone, slow writhing movements
hypokinetic dysarthria
extrapyramidal system, slow and reduced range of motion, stiffness, speedy speech
hyperkinetic dysarthria
damage to extrapyramidal system, basil ganglia, problem inhibiting unwanted movements -> tourettes
characteristics of dysarthria
articulatory, respiratory, phonatory, prosody
apraxia
impaired ability to plan or program the sensory and motor commands needed for speech production and motor movement
transcortical sensory aphasia
parietal lobe, speech production and repetition are excellent, comprehension is poor
transcortical motor aphasia
frontal lobe, difficulty producing speech, good repetition and comprehension
right hemisphere damage aphasia
visuospatial neglect, neglect of left side, poor auditory/ visual comprehension
TBI
anomia, impaired comprehension
arcuate fasciculus
fiber that connects Broca’s area to Wernicke’s area
