SLP 2740 Final Flashcards by Elaysia Chambers

Which of the following is a primary mode of receiving information?

Auditory, tactile, visual

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Which of the following is a primary mode of sending communication?

Gestural, Graphic, Verbal

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True or false: Disability, handicap, and impairment all mean the same thing

False

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True or false: Communication disorders can have untold emotional and social effects on people of all ages

True

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True or false? A definition of a language disorder is an impairment of receptive and/or expressive linguistic symbols (morphemes, words, semantics, syntax, or pragmatics) that affects comprehension and/or expression of wants, needs, thoughts, feelings, or knowledge through the verbal, written, or gestural modalities

True

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True or false: Attempts to use dichotomies in classification of communication disorders have proven to be helpful

True

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The circumstances or events that form environment within which something exists or takes place is referred to as the?

Context

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Speech development is divided into how many stages?

Four

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Stage 1 of speech development

Birth to 12 months

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Stage 2 of speech development

12 to 24 months

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Stage 3 of speech development

2 to 5 years

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Stage 4 of speech development

6 to 12 years

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At what stage/year does FIRST TRUE WORDS emerge?

Stage 2: 12-24 months (Toddlerhood)

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What are the Theories of Speech and Language Development?

Behavioral
Social Pragmatic
Nativistic
Semantic Cognitive

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Cultural Diversity is NOT determined by the origin of a person’s ancestors or color of skin, but rather by numerous other facts such as:

Religious belief 
Regional affiliation
Linguistic background 
Educational level 
Socioeconomic status

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In terms of Language Development, the integration of THREE ELEMENTS is required for normal communication to develop: Select all that apply

Social interaction
Cognitive functioning
Biological structures and functions

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What are prenatal environments that can affect a child?

Maternal substance abuse
Low birth weight and prematurity
Syndromes

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What are the Perinatal Environments that can affect a child?

Infantile hypoxia

Anoxia

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What are the most common communication disorders of children?

Articulation disorder and phonological disorder

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What is childhood apraxia of speech?

A motor speech disorder in the absence of muscle weakness that affects the planning and programming, sequencing, coordinating, and initiating motor movements of the articulators that interferes with articulation and prosody.

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What severity levels of Stuttering are there?

Borderline 
Intermediate 
Normal 
Beginning 
Severe

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True or false: Stuttering is generally considered to affect more females than males.

False

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Voice disorders have different causes in different age groups. In children (ages 1-18 years) what is considered a voice disorder?

Vocal cysts
Acute laryngitis
Vocal nodules

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What is the most common disorders of the middle ear?

Otitis media

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True or false: Noise-induced hearing loss can be temporary or permanent

True

True or False: All areas of language (Form, Content, Use) may be affected by significant hearing loss?

True

The Deaf community is a genuine culture that has chosen sign language as its primary method of communication. The TWO MAIN forms of communicating are ____ and _____

Fingerspelling and signs

Name the three primary problems in children with ADHA according to DSM-5.

Hyperactivity Impulsivity Inattention

Define Auditory Processing Disorders (APD).

Problems in how the brain understands speech

True or False? The terms inner speech or self-talk refers to thinking.

True

True or False? Clinicians consider the client/patient as the only person on whom we need to focus.

False

True or False: Language is only divided into four components: Phonemes, morphemes, seman!cs, and pragma!cs.

False

True or False? Fluency, Voice, and, Resonance have different subcategories in terms of communica!on disorder.

True

The ___________ theory maintains that language is a set of verbal behaviors learned through Operant (Instrumental) Condi!oning.

Behavioral

The __________ theory emphasizes the importance of the communica!ve partners' role; that is the partner's interpreta!on of what is said defines the results of the speech act.

Social pragmatic

The term __________ refers to learning two or more language at the same time.

Dual language learner

True or False: The foundations for speech and Language development are after the first 6 months of life.

False

Between 12 and 18 months, children use one-word to convey an entire thought. That is, children use one-word sentences, such as "uss" for 'i want juice' which is called _____________?

Holophrastic language

The smallest unit of language having a dis!nct meaning (prefix, root word, or suffix) is known as a:

morpheme

The rules governing the use of language in social situations, including the speaker- listener rela!onship and intentions and all elements in the environment surrounding the interac!on, are referred to as:

pragmatics

True or false? Culture is a biological characteris!c shared by a group of people.

False

______ speech is naming, describing, and explaining what the child is experiencing and probably feeling, almost as if the caregiver is a child. It is a technique used by some parents, as well as clinicians, to help children develop recep!ve and expressive language.

Parallel

True or False: Receptive language skills may be stronger than expressive language skills in children.

True

______ is the average number of morphemes a young child individual utterances; it is roughly equivalent to the child’s chronological age.

Mean Length of Utterance

________is the ability to use language(s) and/or dialect(s), including, phonology, morphology, syntax, seman!cs, pragma!cs, and to know when, where, and with whom to use them.

Communicative Competence

In terms of Language Development, the Integration of THREE ELEMENTS is required for normal communica!on to develop:

Biological Social Cognitive

Children with delayed or disordered language may benefit from a clinician adjus!ng one or more of the variables from semantic cognitive theory:

Rate Duration Complexity Amount

Social-Pragma!c Theory is a perspective of language development that considers communication as the basic func!on of language. How many prerequisites are first seen in infant-caregiver interac!ons in which the caregiver responds to an infant's sounds and gestures?

Five

The following audible overt behaviors do not indicate stuttering

Jerking the head Tensing facial muscles Tapping a foot

2 reasons why motor speech disorders are not considered sensorimotor disorders

Only involves sensory neurological system | Having a motor speech disorder does preclude a child from also having an articulation and/or phonological disorder

What is the difference between a language disorder and language difference

Language disorders involve an impaired comprehension and/or use of symbol systems. Children may have a difficult time expressing meaning to others, whether it be through the use of phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, or pragmatics. However, a language difference is when children come from various cultural and linguistic diverse backgrounds. In turn, impacting their expressive language. Language differences can include different social dialects that affect how children communicate.

List five receptive language problems in adolescents

``` Poor listening skills Problems with semantics Difficulty following directions Weak single-word receptive vocabularies Challenges with following rapid speech ```

List five expressive language problems in adolescents

``` Simple syntax Fragmented sentences that do not clearly convey messages Fewer compound/complex sentences Violation of rules for social distance Abrasive conversational speech ```

List the common problems of children with literacy disabilities

Deficits in phonological processing Problems with word recognition and spelling Problems with writing

List three common signs of dyslexia for Preschoolers

Difficulty pronouncing words Unable to recall the right word Difficulty with rhyming

List three common signs of dyslexia for Kindergarteners

Difficulty reading single words An awkward pencil grip Trouble learning to tell time

List three signs of inattention

Difficulty concentrating Problems focusing and sustaining attention Problems learning new things

List three signs of hyperactivity

Unable to sit still Appears restless and fidgety May bounce from one activity to the next

List two signs of impulsivity

Difficulty thinking before acting | Problems waiting for his or her turn

Name three problems commonly associated with APD

Responding inconsistently or inappropriately Frequently asking for information to be repeated Delay in responding to oral communication

Identify FIVE language problems that may be seen in children with APD

Difficulty remembering information Slow, delayed, and inappropriate responses to questions and other communications Difficulty processing rapid speech Difficulty recognizing subtle differences between sounds in spoken words Auditory figure-ground: difficulty understanding speech and language in noisy environments

Four primary types of articulation errors

Substitutions Omissions Distortions Additions

Five speech characteristics of CAS

Lengthened transition between sounds and syllables Vowel errors Frequent regression Large percentage of omission errors Vowel errors

SLP 2740 Final Flashcards

(63 cards)