SLP 2740 Final Flashcards
Which of the following is a primary mode of receiving information?
Auditory, tactile, visual
Which of the following is a primary mode of sending communication?
Gestural, Graphic, Verbal
True or false: Disability, handicap, and impairment all mean the same thing
False
True or false: Communication disorders can have untold emotional and social effects on people of all ages
True
True or false? A definition of a language disorder is an impairment of receptive and/or expressive linguistic symbols (morphemes, words, semantics, syntax, or pragmatics) that affects comprehension and/or expression of wants, needs, thoughts, feelings, or knowledge through the verbal, written, or gestural modalities
True
True or false: Attempts to use dichotomies in classification of communication disorders have proven to be helpful
True
The circumstances or events that form environment within which something exists or takes place is referred to as the?
Context
Speech development is divided into how many stages?
Four
Stage 1 of speech development
Birth to 12 months
Stage 2 of speech development
12 to 24 months
Stage 3 of speech development
2 to 5 years
Stage 4 of speech development
6 to 12 years
At what stage/year does FIRST TRUE WORDS emerge?
Stage 2: 12-24 months (Toddlerhood)
What are the Theories of Speech and Language Development?
Behavioral
Social Pragmatic
Nativistic
Semantic Cognitive
Cultural Diversity is NOT determined by the origin of a person’s ancestors or color of skin, but rather by numerous other facts such as:
Religious belief Regional affiliation Linguistic background Educational level Socioeconomic status
In terms of Language Development, the integration of THREE ELEMENTS is required for normal communication to develop: Select all that apply
Social interaction
Cognitive functioning
Biological structures and functions
What are prenatal environments that can affect a child?
Maternal substance abuse
Low birth weight and prematurity
Syndromes
What are the Perinatal Environments that can affect a child?
Infantile hypoxia
Anoxia
What are the most common communication disorders of children?
Articulation disorder and phonological disorder
What is childhood apraxia of speech?
A motor speech disorder in the absence of muscle weakness that affects the planning and programming, sequencing, coordinating, and initiating motor movements of the articulators that interferes with articulation and prosody.
What severity levels of Stuttering are there?
Borderline Intermediate Normal Beginning Severe
True or false: Stuttering is generally considered to affect more females than males.
False
Voice disorders have different causes in different age groups. In children (ages 1-18 years) what is considered a voice disorder?
Vocal cysts
Acute laryngitis
Vocal nodules
What is the most common disorders of the middle ear?
Otitis media
True or false: Noise-induced hearing loss can be temporary or permanent
True
True or False: All areas of language (Form, Content, Use) may be affected by significant hearing loss?
True
The Deaf community is a genuine culture that has chosen sign language as its primary method of communication. The TWO MAIN forms of communicating are ____ and _____
Fingerspelling and signs
Name the three primary problems in children with ADHA according to DSM-5.
Hyperactivity
Impulsivity
Inattention
Define Auditory Processing Disorders (APD).
Problems in how the brain understands speech
True or False? The terms inner speech or self-talk refers to thinking.
True
True or False? Clinicians consider the client/patient as the only person on whom we need to focus.
False
True or False: Language is only divided into four components: Phonemes, morphemes, seman!cs, and pragma!cs.
False
True or False? Fluency, Voice, and, Resonance have different subcategories in terms of communica!on disorder.
True
The ___________ theory maintains that language is a set of verbal behaviors learned through Operant (Instrumental) Condi!oning.
Behavioral
The __________ theory emphasizes the importance of the communica!ve partners’ role; that is the partner’s interpreta!on of what is said defines the results of the speech act.
Social pragmatic
The term __________ refers to learning two or more language at the same time.
Dual language learner
True or False: The foundations for speech and Language development are after the first 6 months of life.
False
Between 12 and 18 months, children use one-word to convey an entire thought. That is, children use one-word sentences, such as “uss” for ‘i want juice’ which is called _____________?
Holophrastic language
The smallest unit of language having a dis!nct meaning (prefix, root word, or suffix) is known as a:
morpheme
The rules governing the use of language in social situations, including the speaker- listener rela!onship and intentions and all elements in the environment surrounding the interac!on, are referred to as:
pragmatics
True or false? Culture is a biological characteris!c shared by a group of people.
False
______ speech is naming, describing, and explaining what the child is experiencing and probably feeling, almost as if the caregiver is a child. It is a technique used by some parents, as well as clinicians, to help children develop recep!ve and expressive language.
Parallel
True or False: Receptive language skills may be stronger than expressive language skills in children.
True
______ is the average number of morphemes a young child individual utterances; it is roughly equivalent to the child’s chronological age.
Mean Length of Utterance
________is the ability to use language(s) and/or dialect(s), including, phonology, morphology, syntax, seman!cs, pragma!cs, and to know when, where, and with whom to use them.
Communicative Competence
In terms of Language Development, the Integration of THREE ELEMENTS is required for normal communica!on to develop:
Biological
Social
Cognitive
Children with delayed or disordered language may benefit from a clinician adjus!ng one or more of the variables from semantic cognitive theory:
Rate
Duration
Complexity
Amount
Social-Pragma!c Theory is a perspective of language development that considers communication as the basic func!on of language. How many prerequisites are first seen in infant-caregiver interac!ons in which the caregiver responds to an infant’s sounds and gestures?
Five
The following audible overt behaviors do not indicate stuttering
Jerking the head
Tensing facial muscles
Tapping a foot
2 reasons why motor speech disorders are not considered sensorimotor disorders
Only involves sensory neurological system
Having a motor speech disorder does preclude a child from also having an articulation and/or phonological disorder
What is the difference between a language disorder and language difference
Language disorders involve an impaired comprehension and/or use of symbol systems. Children may have a difficult time expressing meaning to others, whether it be through the use of phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, or pragmatics. However, a language difference is when children come from various cultural and linguistic diverse backgrounds. In turn, impacting their expressive language. Language differences can include different social dialects that affect how children communicate.
List five receptive language problems in adolescents
Poor listening skills Problems with semantics Difficulty following directions Weak single-word receptive vocabularies Challenges with following rapid speech
List five expressive language problems in adolescents
Simple syntax Fragmented sentences that do not clearly convey messages Fewer compound/complex sentences Violation of rules for social distance Abrasive conversational speech
List the common problems of children with literacy disabilities
Deficits in phonological processing
Problems with word recognition and spelling
Problems with writing
List three common signs of dyslexia for Preschoolers
Difficulty pronouncing words
Unable to recall the right word
Difficulty with rhyming
List three common signs of dyslexia for Kindergarteners
Difficulty reading single words
An awkward pencil grip
Trouble learning to tell time
List three signs of inattention
Difficulty concentrating
Problems focusing and sustaining attention
Problems learning new things
List three signs of hyperactivity
Unable to sit still
Appears restless and fidgety
May bounce from one activity to the next
List two signs of impulsivity
Difficulty thinking before acting
Problems waiting for his or her turn
Name three problems commonly associated with APD
Responding inconsistently or inappropriately
Frequently asking for information to be repeated
Delay in responding to oral communication
Identify FIVE language problems that may be seen in children with APD
Difficulty remembering information
Slow, delayed, and inappropriate responses to questions and other communications
Difficulty processing rapid speech
Difficulty recognizing subtle differences between sounds in spoken words
Auditory figure-ground: difficulty understanding speech and language in noisy environments
Four primary types of articulation errors
Substitutions
Omissions
Distortions
Additions
Five speech characteristics of CAS
Lengthened transition between sounds and syllables
Vowel errors
Frequent regression
Large percentage of omission errors
Vowel errors
