Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Human Factors > Slides + NoteB. PT 1 > Flashcards

Slides + NoteB. PT 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the altitude of the troposphere at the poles? And what about at the equator?

A

30 000ft at the poles.

60 000ft at the equator.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the composition (elements) of the troposphere?

A

Nitrogen 78%
Oxygen 21%

Argon 0.93%
Carbon Dioxide 0.03%
Other 0.04%
Water Vapour 1%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the atmosphere’s values for pressure, temperature and density?

A

PRESSURE 760 mm Hg
Temperature 15ºC
Density 1225 g/m3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the temperature lapse in the atmosphere? and what about the pressure?

A

Temp lapse 1.98ºC per 1000FT

Pressure 1hPA per 30FT (without taking into account density).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is respiration?

A

The exchange of the respiratory gases, O2 and CO2, between the organism and it’s environment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Numbers of breathing.

Normal rate? Lungs capacity? Residual volume? Total volume?

A

• Normal rate of breathing is 12 to 20 per minute, with an
average of 16.
• The lungs capacity is 6 litres.
• The residual volume is about 1.4 litres.
• The tidal volume is about 500 ml while we are relaxed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Numbers of the heart.

Heartbeats per minute? Average blood pumped? beats at the bottom/top of the working zone?

A

• 72 heart beats per minutes while at rest
• 5 liters per minute of average blood pumped
• 50 to 200 beats per minute are the bottom
and top of it’s working zone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the vascular system made of?

A

Is made of flexible tubes, called vessels, and they are:

Arteries, Veins and Capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is blood made of?

A

Different kind of cells (RED/WHITE BLOOD CELLS ), proteins, other chemicals and water.
PLATELETS and PLASMA (yellow liquid 90% water/10% solid matter).

65% of blood is PLASMA the rest is red/white blood cells and platelets.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is hypoxia?

A

A lower-than-normal concentration of oxygen in arterial blood.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the different types of hypoxia?

A
  1. Hypoxic Hypoxia: Insufficient partial pressure of O2 in the inspired air, in aviation might happen during a decompression, this is one of the most trained types of hypoxia or the one we are more aware of. (MOST IMP)
  2. Anaemic Hypoxia: Occurs due to a reduction in the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood.
  3. Stagnant Hypoxia: Due to a poor blood circulation system.
  4. Histotoxic Hypoxia: Occurs due to the body tissues not being able to use the available O2 efficiently (when drunk).
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is TUC?

A

The TUC is the time to a pilot to recognise the development of hypoxia and do something about it.
(Time of Useful Consciousness)

Pd: MEMORISE TABLE (Slide 34 HFppt)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is hyperventilation?

A

Is a condition in which you start to breathe very fast, you upset this balance by exhaling more than you inhale.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How can hyperventilation be fought? Why?

A

The reason why this happens is because when
hyperventilating you remove CO2 from body
faster that it requires, that’s why the bag helps to
come back to normal.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is CO Poisoning? Characteristics.

A
  • CO is a product of an incomplete combustion of carbon compounds.
  • Haemoglobin it has a greater affinity than with O2, about 200 times more.
  • it’s colourless, oudorless and tasteless, so will be really diffiicult to detect.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is anemia?

A

Is a reduction of the haemoglobin content of the red blood cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the usual values (normal) of the pulse to not to have hypertension?

A

120 systolic/ 80 diastolic.

E.g. 140/90 = Hypertension (table at slide 4-4)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the different types of pulse pressure?

A

Diastolic pressure: the ventricles relax.

Systoplic pressure: the ventricles contact .

19
Q

What are the alcohol values? Hours before? mg per ml?meanwhile duty?

A
  • Consume alcohol 8-12 hours before the specified time of report.
  • Commence a flight duty with period with an alcohol level in excess of 0.2 promille, or 20 mg per 100 ml of blood.
  • Consume alchol meanwhile on duty.
20
Q

What is the suggested/average calories intake?

A

3225 calories.

21
Q

Which organ is in charged of the body temperature regulation?

A

The liver.

22
Q

What are the kidneys responsible for?

A

For the excretion of the waste productos of our system and also to mantain levels in blood updated.

23
Q

What is diabetes?

A

Lack of insulin.

24
Q

What is the average temperature at which our body should stay around?

A

36.9ºC

Over 41-43ºC (Heat stress) or below 35ºC (Cold stress), we’re DONE.

25
Q

Which are the two photoreceptor cells at the end of the retina?

A

Cones: Sensitive to colour (daylight).

and Rods: Sensitive to vision with poor light.

26
Q

What are the physiological and physical factors that affect visual acuity?

A

Physiological:

  • Hypoxia
  • Smoking
  • Alcohol
  • Some medications

Physical:
- Dust or water vapour in the atmosphere, meaning how good visibility is.

27
Q

What is the average dark adaptation time for CONES?

A

9 minutes.

28
Q

What is the average dark adaptation time for RODS?

A

30 minutes.

29
Q

Which are the 2 parts of the inner area of the ear?

A

The cochlea: Responsible for turning atmospheric vibrations into electrical impulses to the brain.

The vestibular apparatus: Responsible for balance.

30
Q

What are the 3 steps of the middle ear?

A

Sound waves travel through the ear drum (tympanic membrane), then ossicles amplify and conduct the vibration across the middle ear to the inner ear.

31
Q

What is the range of human hearing?

A

From 20 to 20.000 hertz

32
Q

What is the name of the organ which detect linear acceleration or deceleration as well as force of gravity?

A

Otoliths.

Backwards - sustained head tilt (pitch up) no lin.acc.
Forward acc. - no head tilt; transient linear acc.

Forwards - sustained head tilt (pitch down) no lin.acc.
Backwards acc. - no head tilt; transient linear acc.

33
Q

According to Charle’s Law, what happen with temperature if volume decreases?

A

Temperature increases.

34
Q

E.g. What is the partial pressure of the oxygen/nitrogen at 5 000 ft? [Dalton’s Law]

A 
Oxygen: 21%
Nitrogen: 78% 
At 5000ft = 850 hPA
At 10 000ft = 700 hPA
...

O^2:
0,21 x 850 = 178 hPA

N^2:
0.78 x 850 = 663 hPA

35
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

The feedback from your body and control mechanism.

36
Q

What are the 2 main elements of the central nervous system?

A

The brain and the spinal cord.

37
Q

What does the unit of a neurone consists of?

A

A cell body, dendrites and an axon.

38
Q

What are the different types of neurones?

A

Motor: carry signals from the brain.
Sensory: carry signals from other parts.

39
Q

What is “cortex”?

A

It’s the outer layer of the cerebrum (the cerebral cortex ), composed of folded grey matter and playing an important role in consciousness.

40
Q

What is the Peripheral Nervous System? And what about its groups?

A

It’s basically the nervous system that goes away from the spinal chord.

These nerves can be grouped into:
• Somatic Nervous System
– Sensory Nerves
– Motor Nerves
• Autonomic Nervous System [HOW TO DO IT]
– Sympathetic Nervous System (prepares the body for action)
– Parasympathetic Nervous System (restores the body)

41
Q

Permeable element?

A

Gas(es).

42
Q

What are the main problems of the high altitude environment?

A

Cosmic Radiation, Ozone, Humidity and Pressurization.

43
Q

At which altitude is ozone and what are the consequences if it gets ito the cabin?

A

Between 40 000 and 115 000ft.
If ozone gets inside:
Dizzy, you start feeling more tired, etc.

Human Factors (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions