Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Sociology 110 > Slides > Flashcards

Slides Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is sociology

A

The systematic study of human behaviour in social context.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What fields does some elements have in common with sociology

A 
Philosophy/ethics
History 
Political Science
Economics 
Anthropology 
Psychology 
Geography
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Sociological imagination

A

The quality of mind that enables one to see the connection between personal troubles and social structures and forces.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Who is functionalist Émile Durkheim

A

Argued that human behaviour is shaped by “social facts” and demonstrated that suicide rates varied with different degrees of social solidarity in different population categories.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Functionalist: Robert Merton

A

Manifest functions
-Intended and easily observed
Latent functions
-Unintended and less obvious

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Who’s Karl Marx (conflict theorist)

A
  • Class Conflict
  • Class Consciousness

“From each according to his abilities, to each according to his needs”.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Max Weber (conflict theorist)

A

Capitalism did not develop solely due to economic forces.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

George Herbert Mead

A

Our sense of self is not present from birth. Taking the role of the other allows the self to emerge.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the main sociological research methods?

A

Experiment: A carefully controlled artificial situation that allows researchers to isolate hypothesized causes and measure their effects precisely. (Independent)

Control group: a group that is NOT exposed to the independent variable in an experiment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Culture

A

The sum of socially transmitted practices, languages, symbols, beliefs, values, ideologies, and material objects that people create to deal with real life problems.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Functionalist

A

Culture enables social solidarity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Conflict Theory

A

Culture constrains people, justifies dominance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Symbolic interactionism

A

Culture as “Script” and “Context” for human interaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Feminism

A

Culture as patriarchal and paternalist legacy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Sigmund Freud

A

Proposed the first social scientific interpretation of the process by which the self emerges. Rather than a self that emerges naturally, Freud argued that it was due to social interaction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Charles Horton Cooley

A

Looking-glass self: We imagine how we appear to others (their judgment towards us) and develop a self-concept or a set of feelings/ideas about who we are.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

George Herbert Mead argued..

A

That a storehouse of culturally approved standards emerge as part of the self during interaction (I, Me).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the most important agent of primary socialization

A

Family

The process of acquiring the basic skills required to operate in society during childhood.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the secondary socialization

A

Public school system is increasingly responsible.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The hidden curriculum and conflict theorists

A

Their research on socialization in schools highlights many students, especially those from working-class and racial-minority families, struggle against the hidden curriculum..

21
Q

What is the Thomas theorem

A

Situations we define as real become real in their consequences.

22
Q

What is the self-fulfilling prophecy

A

An expectation that helps to cause what it predicts.

23
Q

Resocialization

A

Occurs when powerful socializing agents deliberately cause rapid change in a person’s values, roles, and self-conception, sometimes against that person’s will.

24
Q

Total institutions

A

Settings in which people are isolated from the larger society and are under strict control and constant supervision of specialized staff.

25
Q

Virtual communities

A

Associations of people, scattered across the city or around the world, who communicate via computer about subjects of common interest.

26
Q

Social interaction

A

Involves people communicating face to face or via computer, acting and reacting in relation to other people. It is structured around norms, rules, and statuses.

27
Q

Role conflict

A

Occurs when two or more statuses held at the same time place contradictory role demands on a person.

28
Q

Role strain

A

Occurs when incompatible role demands are placed on a person in a single status

29
Q

Emotion management

A

Involves people obeying “feeling rules” and responding appropriately to situations

30
Q

Emotional labour

A

Emotion management that many people do as part of their job and for which they are paid.

31
Q

Charles Derber’s analysis of conversations

A

Social interaction involves competition over valued resources. The odds of a relationship enduring goes up if there are payoffs for the interacting parties.

32
Q

Goffman’s Dramaturgical Analysis

A

Views social interaction as a sort of play in which people present themselves so that they appear in the best possible light.

33
Q

Sociologists emphasize these 3 factors:

A
  1. Norms of solidarity demand conformity
  2. Structures of authority tend to render people obedient
  3. Bureaucracies are highly effectives structures of authority
34
Q

Social network

A

A bounded set of units linked by the exchange of material or emotional resources

35
Q

Social group

A

A group composed of one or more networks of people who identify with one another, routinely interact, and adhere to defined norms, roles, and statuses.

36
Q

Social category

A

A group composed of people who share similar status but who do not routinely interact or identify with one another.

37
Q

Deviance

A

Departure from a norm that evokes a negative reaction from others.

38
Q

Crime

A

Deviance that breaks a law

39
Q

Informal punishment

A

A mild sanction that is imposed during face-to-face interaction rather than by the judicial system.

40
Q

Formal punishment

A

Penalization by the judicial system for breaking a law.

41
Q

Symbolic interactionism and labelling theory

A

Deviance is not inherent to an act, but rather it is the result of the externally imposed label of “deviant”.

42
Q

Émile Durkheim’s explanation on deviance and crime

A

Deviance and crime are functional and beneficial for society.

  1. Reinforce social solidarity
  2. Help societies adapt to social change
43
Q

Robert Merton’s explanation of deviance and crime

A
  1. Cultural value of ‘material success’

2. Lack of legitimate opportunities to succeed

44
Q

Deviance and crime: conflict theories

A

Deviant and criminal labels are imposed on others by the rich and powerful members of society.

45
Q

Factors in economic success

A

Degree of natural talent, degree of effort, level of education

46
Q

Why is a definition of poverty important

A

Social policies are enacted (not enacted) based on poverty levels and trends

47
Q

Marx’s conflict theory (is stratification inevitable?)

A

Did not view social stratification as inevitable. Believed capitalist growth would produce a society without classes and class conflict.

48
Q

Functionalist Theory of Davis and Moore

A

Asserts the inevitability of social stratification.

  1. Some jobs are more important than others.
  2. People must make sacrifices to train for important jobs.
49
Q

Weber’s compromise (is stratification inevitable?)

A

Argued that the emergence of a classless society was highly unlikely

Sociology 110 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions