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Cardiopulmonary > Slides 1 > Flashcards

Slides 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Apex

A

k

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2
Q

base

A

k

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3
Q

atria

A

k

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4
Q

ventricles

A

k

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5
Q

interatrial septum

A

k

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6
Q

interventricular septum

A

k

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7
Q

semilunar valves,

A

k

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8
Q

fossa ovalis

A

k

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9
Q

atrioventricular valves

A

k

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10
Q

chordae tendineae

A

k

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11
Q

papillary muscles

A

k

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12
Q

Myocardium

A

Thick, muscular layer
Responsible for pumping action
not capable of regeneration (hyperplasia)
hypertrophy

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13
Q

hypertrophy can be caused by what

A

physiological and Hypertension (high blood pressure)… The high blood pressure causes the ventricle to grow in order to over come the higher pressure to open the valve to the atrium.

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14
Q

Thin and dilated enlarged heart will cause

A

a difficulty pumping the blood, you want a balance between the two.

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15
Q

Cardiac muscle cells

A

similar to skeletal in that it is striated containing myosin and actin (thick and thin filaments), but they branch and have interpolated disks.

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16
Q

Epicardium

A

Also called the visceral pericardium and contain epicardial fat, most external layer

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17
Q

The epicardium include

A

blood capillaries, lymph capillaries, nerve fibers, and epicardial fat.

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18
Q

Epicardial fat is

A

Used for quick fuel, but also can be bad if too much gathers on the outside and inside can cause coronary artery disease.

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19
Q

Blood flow is unidirectional due to

A

one set of 2 atrioventricular AV valves
on set of 2 semilunar valves
they prevent back flow

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20
Q

Mitral bicuspid valve has

A

two cusps lies left

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21
Q

Tricuspid valve

A

lies between right atrium and right ventricle three leaflets, larger in diameter and thinner than moral valve 3 leaflets

22
Q

papillary muscles and chords

A

serve as anchors to keep the valves closed and help keep open, they don’t open the valves

23
Q

First sound is what

A

S1 Associated with closure of tricuspid and mitral AV valves LUB in LUB DUB. bouncing blood off the heart valve.

24
Q

Second heart sound

A

S2 Closure of the pulmonic and aortic semilunar valves DUB

25
Q

Right atrium receives blood from

A

Superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, coronary sinus.(heart wall drain blood to itself.)

26
Q

Blood flow through the heart to the lungs

A

Right atrium receives blood from the Superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, coronary sinus Tricuspid valve right ventricle pulmonic valve pulmonary trunk pulmonary arteries lungs pulmonary capillaries.

27
Q

after the lungs to body

A

Pulmonary veins, left atrium mitral valve left ventricle aortic valve aorta systemic ciruclation.

28
Q

Locate and define the pericardial space

A

k

29
Q

locate and define the cardiac tamponade

A

k

30
Q

locate and define the pericardiocentesis

A

k

31
Q

Acute Pericarditis

A

Acute inflammation less then 2 weeks of the pericardium. Infectious in origin (viral bacterial fungal) or autoimmune diseases, trauma drug toxicity. Rheumatoid arthritis, SLE (lupus)

32
Q

Manifestations of pericarditis

A

Triad of chest pain (abrupt precordial, sharp)

Friction rub, ECG

33
Q

Pericardial effusion

A

caused by enflamed pericardial, creates a lot of pressure making it difficult for the heart to expand

34
Q

Types of pericarditis

A

Serous pericarditis- excess of fluid with protein, watery clear fluid, seen in lupus and RA

Fibrinous pericarditis- Fibrin rich exude from a heart attack, uremia.

35
Q

Purulent pericarditis

A

bacterial infection, very cloudy

36
Q

hemorrhagic pericarditis

A

bloody exude

37
Q

Cardiac Tamponade

A

Pressure makes the heart unable to expand and contract, received by pericardiocentesis

38
Q

Subxiphoid or parasternal approach

A

ways to relieve the fluid pressure on the heart

39
Q

Myocardial disease 2

A

not from cardiovascular disease

Myocarditis and primary cardiomyopathies

40
Q

Myocarditis

A

inflammation of the heart muscle where it gets thick and swollen, Number one is viral. also from drug toxicity cocaine. autoimmune diseases

41
Q

Primary cardiomyopathies

A

non inflammatory and are not associated with hypertension, congenital heart disease, and generally effects young people without any sign.

42
Q

Dilated cardiomyopathy

A

Most common, progressive cardiac hypertrophy and dilation, impaired pumping in ventricles

43
Q

Mural thrombi

A

clots forming on the chamber wall of the left ventricles found in dilated cardiomyopathy. may be a source of thromboemboli.
causes idiopathic, infectious myocarditis alcohol.

44
Q

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

ventricular hypertrophy and impaired diastolic ventricular filling, autosomal dominant.

The heart just gives out and the ventricle walls get large enough that they block the value to the ventricle.

45
Q

Restrictive cardiomyopathy

A

the heart becomes very stiff, hemochromatosis depositing of iron in the tissues.

46
Q

Endocardium

A

infective endocarditis bacterial endocarditis.
Endocardium is compromised and a portal of entry via oral, respiratory, skin,
STAPH AUREUS
Mitral valve and ulcerations are normal there with vegetation of fiber.

47
Q

AMOXICILLIN orally given

A

to prevent bacteria getting to the heart. Cephalexin or azinthromycin or clarithromycin

48
Q

Cardiac muscles are different than smooth muscle

A

no striations

49
Q

skeletal muscle has

A 
sacolemma-membrane
t tubule-electrical signals
sarcoplasmic reticulum- is where calcium is stored.     
terminal cisternae
mitochondria. myofibrils
sarcomeres
50
Q

thick and thin filaments

A

thick myosin

thin actin tropomyosin and troponin

51
Q

action potential in a cardiac muscle cell spreads from

A

the sarcolemma into the T-tubles

52
Q

During the plateau phase of the action potential

A

Ca channels open and Ca enters the cell from the ECF on the sarcolemma

Cardiopulmonary (2 decks)

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