Slide shows Unit 1

Question 1

Biodiversity

Answer 1

• Refers to the diversity of all life
  • The number and variety of genes, species, and
  ecosystems on Earth

Question 2

Species

Answer 2

A group of organisms that can interbreed in

nature and produce fertile offspring.

Question 3

Identifying & Naming New Species

Answer 3

Scientists have been unable to agree on a single definition

of what a species is.

Question 4

Morphological Species Concept:

Answer 4

focuses on morphology
(structure or form of organisms) – body shape, size, and
other structural features

Question 5

Biological Species Concept:

Answer 5

defines species on the basis

of whether two organisms can produce fertile offspring

Question 6

Phylogenetic Species Concept:

Answer 6

examines the phylogeny

(evolutionary history) of organisms.

Question 7

Naming Species System

Answer 7

A standard system for naming organisms is needed
that will be understood by any scientist, anywhere in
the world.

Question 8

Taxonomy

Answer 8

is the branch of biology that identifies,

names, and classifies species.

Question 9

binomial nomenclature

Answer 9

• Swedish scientist Carl Linnaeus
  developed a system for naming
  species

Binomial → something with two parts
Nomenclature → naming system

Question 10

Hierarchical classification

Answer 10

The method of classifying organisms in which species
are arranged in categories from most general to most
specific (nested classification).

A species is classified by assigning it 8 nested categories

Domain→Kingdom→Phylum→Class→Order→Family→Genus→Species

Question 11

RANK

Answer 11

Domain→Kingdom→Phylum→Class→Order→Family→Genus→Species

Question 12

taxon (sg.) or taxa (pl.)

Answer 12

The NAME of each rank

Examples: Mammalia (name of a class)
Rodentia (name of an order)

Question 13

Shared Evolutionary History

Answer 13

Main goal of modern taxonomy
is to determine the shared
evolutionary history of groups
of organisms
• Biologists assume the greater
the shared evolutionary history
between organisms, the more
closely related they are
• We use evidence from
Anatomy, Physiology and DNA
to determine relatedness

Question 14

common

ancestor

Answer 14

If two species share much of the same evolutionary

history, it means they have a fairly recent

Question 15

Ancestor

Answer 15

an organism (or organisms) from which
other groups of organisms are descended

Question 16

Anatomy

Answer 16

is the study of the structure and form,
including internal systems of organisms.

Uses anatomical evidence from living species to determine relationships
among organisms
• Ex. Bone structure may indicate a shared evolutionary history
• Over millions of years, the size and proportions of the bones have been
modified for different purposes (swimming, running, flying). However, the
overall arrangement indicate a shared evolutionary history

Question 17

Physiology

Answer 17

is the study of the physical and chemical
functions of organisms (how they work)

• Scientists study the biochemistry of organisms and
compare structures such as parts of cells, tissues, and
proteins.

• The organism’s physiology is ultimately controlled by it’s
genes

Question 18

DNA Evidence of Relationships

Answer 18

- Genetic analysis
• Genes are sections of DNA that
code for making proteins
• The degree of genetic similarity
is determined by the number of
genetic sequences two
individuals have in common
• DNA (genetic) evidence
suggests that fungi are more
closely related to animals than
to plants.

Question 19

Phylogenetic Tree

Answer 19

evolutionary history of a species, shows the

proposed amount of time

Question 20

Cladogram:

Answer 20

a simplified branching diagram used to show
the relationships among species.

branches represent a sequence of events
with progressive evolutionary traits.
– Root represents the common ancestor
– Closely related organisms are classified together with all the
other organisms that share a common ancestor

Question 21

clade

Answer 21

These related organisms are placed in the same

monophyletic group called a clade