Slide Set #1: Intro to A&P & Terminology Flashcards
Anatomy
The study of the structure of the human body
Physiology
The study of body function
Gross Anatomy
Visible to naked eye by surface
observation or dissection
Surface Anatomy
The external structure of the body
Systemic Anatomy
One organ at a time (class
approach)
Regional Anatomy
Multiple organ systems at a time
(career approach)
Microscopic Anatomy
Microscopic analysis of tissues
Comparative Anatomy
Study of more than one
species to learn generalizations
Developmental anatomy
Study of structural changes within an individual from conception through maturity
Embryology
Study of developmental changes occurring
prior to birth
Tissue
Group of cells that carry the common function in
the body (muscle, nerve, connective, epithelial)
Organ
Structure that has at
least two type of tissue,
performing specific
function
Organ system
Multiple organs working together
with shared purpose
Integumentary system
Include
* Skin
* Hair
* Nail
Function:
* Protect human body surface
* Synthesizes vitamin D
* Production of sweat and oil
Skeletal system
Include:
* Bone
* Ligaments
* Cartilage
* Joints
Function:
* Support body
* Movement
* Protect
Muscular System
Include:
* Muscles
* Tendons
Function:
* Support body
* Protect internal organs
* Attached to skeletal system allow for movement
Nervous system
Include
* Brain
* Spinal cord
* Nerves
Function
* Control and coordinate all body activities
Cardiovascular System
Include:
* Heart
* Blood vessels
Function:
Transport system
* Nutrient
* Gases
* Waste
Respiratory system
Include:
* Lungs
* Bronchi
* Nasal passage
* Trachea
* Pharynx
Function:
* Inhale
* exhale
Digestive system
Include:
* Stomach
* Esophagus
* Small and large intestine
Function:
* Digestion (mechanical and chemical)
* absorption
Lymphatic System
Include:
* Lymph nodes
* Lymphatic vessels
* Spleen
* Tonsils
Function:
* Complement cardiovascular system
* Collect leaked fluid
* Involved in immunity
Urinary system
Include:
* Kidney
* Bladder
* Urethra
Function:
* Excretion of waste
* Acid base balance
* Water balance
Endocrine system
Include:
* Glands
* Hypothalamus
* Pituitary glands
* Adrenal glands
* Thyroid
Function:
* Control and coordinate body activities
Reproductive system
Include:
*Male reproductive system
*Female reproductive system
Function:
*Produce offspring
Anatomical position
- Person stands erect with feet together and
eyes forward - Palms face anteriorly with the thumbs pointed
away from the body
Directional terminology
refers to the body in anatomical position
Axial
Head, neck, and trunk
Appendicular
Limbs
Superior
Toward the head end or upper part of a structure or the body; above
Inferior
Away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure or the body; below
Anterior
Toward or at the front of the body; in front of
Posterior
Toward or at the back of the body; behind
Medial
Toward or at the midline of the body; on the inner side of
Lateral
Away from the midline of the body; on the outer side of
Proximal
Closer to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk
Distal
Farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk
Superficial
Toward or at the body surface
Deep
Away from the body surface; more internal
Ipsilateral
On the same side
Contralateral
On opposite sides
Cephalic
Head
Frontal
Forehead
Orbital
Eyes
Nasal
Nose
Oral
Mouth
Mental
Chin
Cervical
Neck
Thoracic
Chest
Axillary
Underarms
Sternal
Middle of the chest
Mammary
Boob/nipple area
Abdominal
Abdomen
Umbilical
Lower abdomen
Pelvic
Lower stomach
Inguinal (groin)
Pelvis area
Pubic (genital)
Genetalia
Acromial
Shoulder
Brachial
Upper arm
Antecubital
Inner elbow
Antebrachial
Forearm
Carpal
Wrist
Manus
Hand
Pollex
Thumb
Palmer
Palm
Digital
Fingers or toes (not thumb/big toe)
Coxal
Hip
Femoral
Thigh
Patellar
Knee cap
Crural
Leg
Fibular/peroneal
Side of leg
Pedal
Foot
Tarsal
Ankle
Metatarsal
Foot
Hallux
Big toe
Otic
Ear
Occipital
Back of head
Dorsal
Back
Scapular
Sides of back
Vertebral
Middle length of back
Lumbar
Lower back
Sacral
Butt crack area
Gluteal
Butt
Perineal
Between anus and external genetalia
Olecranial
Elbow
Metacarpal
Hand
Popliteal
Back of knee
Sural
Calf
Calcaneal
Heel
Plantar
Bottom of foot
Midsagittal
Right and left parts
Transverse
Top and bottom parts
Coronal/Frontal
Front and back parts
Cranial Cavity
Dorsal cavity that encases the brain
Vertebral Cavity
Dorsal cavity that encases the spinal cord
Thoracic Cavity
Superior ventral cavity located in the thoracic area
Three areas:
*superior mediastinum (upper sternum)
*pleural cavity (mammary area)
*pericardial cavity within the mediastinum (middle of chest)
Abdominopelvic Cavity
Inferior ventral cavity located in the abdomin/pelvic area
Abdominopelvic Cavity
Inferior ventral cavity located in the abdomen/pelvic area
Body Cavity
- Protect delicate organs
- Allow changes in size and shape of internal organs
Serous Membranes (Serosa)
- Covers wall and organs in the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities
- Thin, double-layered membrane separated by serous fluid
*Produce a lubricating fluid
*Allows organs to slide over one another
without friction.
*Contains infection of one organ from
spreading to another organ. - Parietal serosa lines internal body walls
- Visceral serosa covers the internal organs