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Lactation Physiology > Slide Set #1 > Flashcards

Slide Set #1 Flashcards

1
Q

Where is mammal milk technically made from?

A

Blood

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2
Q

What makes a mammal a mammal?

A

The mammary glands they have.

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3
Q

What hormone is responsible for milk let down?

A

oxytocin

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4
Q

yes or no - Can mammals produce milk with different certain properties (protein, sugar, fat) that is more suitable for their offspring?

A

yes

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5
Q

What is lactation?

A

the secretion and yielding of milk by the mammary gland

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6
Q

What is one complete period of lactation?

A

the time of birth to weaning

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7
Q

What are the two main reasons for why lactation is important?

A

1) rearing and nourishment of young
(survival, continuation of species, replacement of livestock)

2) Food for human consumption
(fluid milk, butter, ice-cream, infant formulas)

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8
Q

What is the signature traits of mammals?

A

lactation

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9
Q

What term is mammal derived from?

A

mamma

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10
Q

What is lactation of signature trait for?

A

mammals

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11
Q

All mammals have?

A

mammary glands

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12
Q

what is one important characteristic of mammals that is often forgot about?

A

they have hair/fur

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13
Q

Who is the father of modern taxonomy?

A

Carl Linnaeus

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14
Q

Review Taxonomy Chart for Cow

A

Done

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15
Q

What three classification levels are the same for all mammals?

A

Kingdom, Phylum, and Class

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16
Q

What does Notochord mean?

A

has a spinal cord

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17
Q

What are the two acronyms for remembering the 7 levels of taxonomy?

A

1)
King Phillip Came Over For Graduate School

2)
Kevin’s Plump Cow Often Feels Great Sunbathing

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18
Q

What are the 7 classification levels of taxonomy?

A

Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

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19
Q

What is cattle taxonomy for Genus and Species?

A

Genus - Bos

Species - taurus, indicus

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20
Q

What is the orgin for Bos taurus and Bos indicus?

A

Zebu

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21
Q

Which level of taonomy is always lower case?

A

species

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22
Q

Which levels of taxonomy are always written in italics?

A

Genus and Species

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23
Q

Closer to equator for location of origin?

A

more Bos indicus influence

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24
Q

Further away from the equator?

A

more Bos taurus influence

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25
Q

Location of origin levels?

A

Genus + Species

26
Q

Indicus =

A

from India

27
Q

What is unique about cows closer to the equator?

A

Cow with big ears, droopy loose skin, dewlap, and hump provides greater surface area for the dissipation of body heat in the warmer climates adjacent to the equator.

28
Q

What was the video we watched in class called by Minute Earth?

A

Milk is just filtered blood

29
Q

Taxonomy for Goat

A

Hicrus in blank

30
Q

Taxonomy for Sheep

A

Ovis for blank

31
Q

Taxonomy for Pig

A

Suidae for first blank
Domesticus for second blank

32
Q

Taxonomy for Horse

A

Perissodactyla in first blank
Equidae in second blank

33
Q

What are the three subclasses of Mammalia?

A

Prototheria (monotremes), Metatheria (marsupials), Eutheria (placentals)

34
Q

Prototheria =

A

first beasts

35
Q

Metatheria =

A

changed beasts

36
Q

Eutheria/Placentalia =

A

ture beasts

37
Q

Types of ways to observe anatomy when looking at mammary gland?

A

Macroscopic and Microscopic

38
Q

Where is the bovine mammary gland located?

A

Inguinal location “of the groin” / lower abdomen

39
Q

What are other mammary gland locations?

A

Abdominal and Pectoral/Thoracic

40
Q

How many glands/quarters (compartments) does a cows mammary gland have?

A

4

41
Q

An extra teat is called?

A

supernumerary

42
Q

Bovine mammary gland has how many teat canals per teat?

A

1

43
Q

Number and location of glands in livestock and companion animals?

A

Pigs have three locations of mammary glands

44
Q

Label the gland cistern and teat canal/duct:

A
45
Q

Most common number of glands for pigs?

A

12

46
Q

What is the weight of the udder without milk?

A

25 to 60 lbs

47
Q

What is the milk production (secretory tissue) distribution?

A

40% milk production in front
60 milk production in rear

48
Q

What are the 5 supporting structures of the bovine mammary gland?

A

Skin
Fine areolar connective tissue
Coarse areolar connective tissue
Lateral suspensory ligaments (LSL)
Median suspensory ligament (MSL)

49
Q

What is the main support of the udder?

A

Median suspensory ligament

50
Q

What three parts of the mammary support form a sling?

A

the median and laterals suspensory ligaments with the lamellar plates as well.

51
Q

What is the first line of defense?

A

Teat canal duct

52
Q

What does the teat canal provide in its first line of defense?

A

Keratin and Sphincter muscle as physical barriers

53
Q

Purpose of teat splincter?

A

maintains tight closure of canal

54
Q

Purpose of keratin?

A

acts as a seal to prevent bacteria from entering the teat between milkings

55
Q

What are the four types of cell linings?

A
56
Q

What is the chemical barrier of the teat?

A

Keratin which has a bacteriostatic and bactericidal function

57
Q

What are the alveolar compoents?

A

Epithelial cells, capillary system, myoepithelial cells, basement membrane, lumen, duct

58
Q

What are epithelial cells necessary for?

A

milk production

59
Q

What are myoepithelial cells necessary for?

A

milk ejection

60
Q

Myo is the root of what?

A

muscle

61
Q

What are the 3 main components of the alveolus?

A

Single layer of secretory epithelial cells surrounded by, 2) myoepithelial cells (smooth muscle) and a 3) capillary bed

Lactation Physiology (3 decks)

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