Slide Set #1 Flashcards
Where is mammal milk technically made from?
Blood
What makes a mammal a mammal?
The mammary glands they have.
What hormone is responsible for milk let down?
oxytocin
yes or no - Can mammals produce milk with different certain properties (protein, sugar, fat) that is more suitable for their offspring?
yes
What is lactation?
the secretion and yielding of milk by the mammary gland
What is one complete period of lactation?
the time of birth to weaning
What are the two main reasons for why lactation is important?
1) rearing and nourishment of young
(survival, continuation of species, replacement of livestock)
2) Food for human consumption
(fluid milk, butter, ice-cream, infant formulas)
What is the signature traits of mammals?
lactation
What term is mammal derived from?
mamma
What is lactation of signature trait for?
mammals
All mammals have?
mammary glands
what is one important characteristic of mammals that is often forgot about?
they have hair/fur
Who is the father of modern taxonomy?
Carl Linnaeus
Review Taxonomy Chart for Cow
Done
What three classification levels are the same for all mammals?
Kingdom, Phylum, and Class
What does Notochord mean?
has a spinal cord
What are the two acronyms for remembering the 7 levels of taxonomy?
1)
King Phillip Came Over For Graduate School
2)
Kevin’s Plump Cow Often Feels Great Sunbathing
What are the 7 classification levels of taxonomy?
Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
What is cattle taxonomy for Genus and Species?
Genus - Bos
Species - taurus, indicus
What is the orgin for Bos taurus and Bos indicus?
Zebu
Which level of taonomy is always lower case?
species
Which levels of taxonomy are always written in italics?
Genus and Species
Closer to equator for location of origin?
more Bos indicus influence
Further away from the equator?
more Bos taurus influence
Location of origin levels?
Genus + Species
Indicus =
from India
What is unique about cows closer to the equator?
Cow with big ears, droopy loose skin, dewlap, and hump provides greater surface area for the dissipation of body heat in the warmer climates adjacent to the equator.
What was the video we watched in class called by Minute Earth?
Milk is just filtered blood
Taxonomy for Goat
Hicrus in blank
Taxonomy for Sheep
Ovis for blank
Taxonomy for Pig
Suidae for first blank
Domesticus for second blank
Taxonomy for Horse
Perissodactyla in first blank
Equidae in second blank
What are the three subclasses of Mammalia?
Prototheria (monotremes), Metatheria (marsupials), Eutheria (placentals)
Prototheria =
first beasts
Metatheria =
changed beasts
Eutheria/Placentalia =
ture beasts
Types of ways to observe anatomy when looking at mammary gland?
Macroscopic and Microscopic
Where is the bovine mammary gland located?
Inguinal location “of the groin” / lower abdomen
What are other mammary gland locations?
Abdominal and Pectoral/Thoracic
How many glands/quarters (compartments) does a cows mammary gland have?
4
An extra teat is called?
supernumerary
Bovine mammary gland has how many teat canals per teat?
1
Number and location of glands in livestock and companion animals?
Pigs have three locations of mammary glands
Label the gland cistern and teat canal/duct:
Most common number of glands for pigs?
12
What is the weight of the udder without milk?
25 to 60 lbs
What is the milk production (secretory tissue) distribution?
40% milk production in front
60 milk production in rear
What are the 5 supporting structures of the bovine mammary gland?
Skin
Fine areolar connective tissue
Coarse areolar connective tissue
Lateral suspensory ligaments (LSL)
Median suspensory ligament (MSL)
What is the main support of the udder?
Median suspensory ligament
What three parts of the mammary support form a sling?
the median and laterals suspensory ligaments with the lamellar plates as well.
What is the first line of defense?
Teat canal duct
What does the teat canal provide in its first line of defense?
Keratin and Sphincter muscle as physical barriers
Purpose of teat splincter?
maintains tight closure of canal
Purpose of keratin?
acts as a seal to prevent bacteria from entering the teat between milkings
What are the four types of cell linings?
What is the chemical barrier of the teat?
Keratin which has a bacteriostatic and bactericidal function
What are the alveolar compoents?
Epithelial cells, capillary system, myoepithelial cells, basement membrane, lumen, duct
What are epithelial cells necessary for?
milk production
What are myoepithelial cells necessary for?
milk ejection
Myo is the root of what?
muscle
What are the 3 main components of the alveolus?
Single layer of secretory epithelial cells surrounded by, 2) myoepithelial cells (smooth muscle) and a 3) capillary bed
