Slide Exam - AED cards (shortlist, summary) Flashcards
Name, define, causes (2), features (malignancy, feeder vessels, motility, corneal involvement), biopsy (2). Mx.
Conjunctival Papilloma - overgrowth of epithelial cells
Cause: Excess UV or HPV infection (HPV in 39% of cases)
Features: non-malignant, motile, doesn’t involve cornea, modest feeder vessels, pinkish (less red),
Biopsy: BM still intact, non-invasive of stroma
Mx: Px reassurance, optional sx cosmesis, general ddx (check FAT, feeder BVs, surrounding tissue invasion, biopsy)
Name, causes (2), features (malignancy, feeder vessels, motility, corneal involvement), biopsy (2). Mx.
CIN - conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasia
Cause: Excess UV or HPV (in 39%)
Features: Non-malignant, motile, more marked BV strawberry spots, more lush feeder vessels, invades corneal epithelium (but NOT stroma or substantia propria)
Biopsy: Non-invasive of stroma, plemorphism and metaplasia present
Mx: surgery for removal, general ddx
Name, features/biopsy (malignancy, feeder vessels, motility, corneal involvement), requirement for DDx. Mx.
SCN - squamous cell neoplasia
Features/biopsy: malignant, non-motile, broken through basement membrane and invading stroma/substantia propria, may see ulceration (with white plaques) and small haemorrhages
DDx: requires OCT or biopsy, b/c CIN-like appearance
(note: non-motile as anchored by stromal invasion)
Mx: surgery for removal, ddx
Name, characteristics (age group and skin colour, appearance, acquired/congenital, uni/bilateral, elevation, motility, malignancy). Biopsy when?
Primary Acquired Melanosis
Older + middle aged + fair skinned at risk.- Diffuse brown colour + acquired.- Unilateral.- Flat + Mobile over sclera.- Concerns for melanoma-
Biopsy indicated if: - diffuse lesion found at limbus + corneal involvement; - expansive/overgrowth of diffuse lesion in one eye (which shows its pleomorphic)
Name, features (growth rate, colour density, edges, boundary, feeder vessels). Biopsy. Mx.
Melanoma
- 75% come from PAM.- invasive.- Fast growth.- Dense Colour (may be Diffuse at edge).- Irregular boundary.- Feeders
biopsy: invasive lesion with pleomorphism and anaplasia
Mx: surgical removal
Name, define/features (malignancy, disease association, common site)
Kaposi’s sarcoma:
.- Malignant BV tumour. AIDS. Immunocompromised. Mx: Dx workup refer, or for therapy (HAART) if AIDS present.
Name, characteristics (3). Hallmark sign. Mx.
Sturge-Weber Syndrome
Effects seen along trigeminal nerve- Episcleral/conj involvement in 70%.- Congenital conjunctival or Episcleral haemangioma. Portwine stain along CNV hallmark
Mx: consider referral for ax of neurological status; follow up appt. in 3-12 months to check for glaucoma; if choroidal hemangioma present = check for signs of retinal detachment. If choroidal hemangioma grows into central vision, leaks or causes detachment: tx it by laser or radiation
Name, define, Mx (2).
Cavernous sinus fistula:
.- Break in the cavernous sinus- i.e. “fistula” = break in wall of an artery –> causing higher arterial blood to enter venous space—-
Mx: refer for closure of fistula + mx of IOP
Name, describe (1), causes (2), a symptom (1).
Stye/Hordeolum
Blockage of duct.- due to bacterial infection (external) or complication of chalazion (internal)- discomfort
Name, describe, symptoms (3), features (gland, cause)
Chalazion
Blockage of MG.- Inflammation- symptoms: cosmesis, generally painless, does not affect V.A (only lower lid)
Name, describe (5), risk group (age/gender, skin type)
Sebaceous gland carcinoma
elderly females (chronic bleph)-yellow and hard - madarosis with thickened, red lid margins (UL) - >2mm 60% mortality—
Careful reviews 6-12 mo. Refer suspicious cases
Epithelial Basement Membrane Dystrophy (EBMD): what is it also known as? How common is it? Describe it’s appearance. Mx.
Also known as map-dot fingerprint dystrophy.
***Most common corneal dystrophy***** but often misdiagnosed due to variable appearance
Lubricants; Mx of any co-existing surface disease if there are any symptoms; mx of any pre-existing erosion; any co-existing surface disease will increase the risk of recurrent corneal erosions.
Describe the appearance of Reis-Buckler’s Dystrophy
- Characteristic appearance where sheet-like connective tissue replaces bowman’s membrane—–
Thiel-Behnke corneal dystrophy (2). What is it similar to and what pattern does it have?
- Similar to Reis-Buckler’s dystrophy but later onset.- Same honeycomb appearance/layers affects so often indistinguishable—-
Name, desribe (5)
What is the severity of this disease? What appearance does it have?
Macular Dystrophy
- Exceptions to “dystrophy” rule (autosomal recessive, extends to cornea periphery).- Most severe and least common dystrophy- Diffuse “ground-glass” haze lesions, corneal haze between lesions, gray/milky white opacities throughout stroma, and limbus to limbus—
Fuchs Endothelial Dystrophy: describe (2)
[is the most common endothelial dystrophy!]
.- Loss of endothelial cells and the resulting oedema and thickening of the stroma- Diffuse thickening and lamination of Descemet’s membrane—-
Name, describe (3)
Filamentary Keratopathy
.- Abnormal areas of corneal epithelium + excess mucous in tears . These filaments form and form tails which stick—