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Histology Slides > Slide Exam 1 > Flashcards

Slide Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what structure is this?

A

cell membrane

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2
Q

what structure is this?

A

cell membrane

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3
Q

cell membrane

A

electron-lucent layer b/w 2 electron-dense layers

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4
Q

what structure is this?

A

nuclear pores

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5
Q

nuclear pore

A

inner & outer membrane separated by perinuclear cisterna; channels surrounded by ring of nucleoporin proteins

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6
Q

what structure is this?

A

lampbrush chromosomes

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7
Q

lampbrush chromosomes

A

unraveled portions of chromosomes as active euchromatin

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8
Q

what structure is this?

A

ribosomes

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9
Q

ribosomes

A

found free in cytoplasm, attached to rER and attached to outer nuclear membrane; often group together as polyribosomes; two subunits w/ rRNA

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10
Q

what structure is this?

A

mitochondria

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11
Q

mitochondria

A

inner & outer membrane; cristae filled w/ matrix; dense granules; oblaong to oval in shape; present in all cells except RBCs & keratinocytes

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12
Q

what structure is this?

A

rough endoplasmic reticulum

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13
Q

endoplasmic reticulum

A

series of membranous sheets & tubules throughout cytoplasm; smooth or rough; coated vesicles bud off of ER

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14
Q

what structure is this?

A

golgi apparatus

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15
Q

golgi apparatus

A

complex of flattened, stacked membrane-bound cisternae; convex face=cis Golgi network=forming face (vesicles arrive); concave face=trans Golgi network=maturing face (vesicles leave)

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16
Q

what structure is this?

A

melanin intracytoplasmic pigment

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17
Q

melanin intracytoplasmic pigment

A

black, brown & granular; produced by melanocytes & transported to other cells

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18
Q

what structure is this?

A

lipofuscin intracytoplasmic pigment

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19
Q

lipofuscin intracytoplasmic pigment

A

gold, brown & granular; frequently seen in neurons; “old age” pigment

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20
Q

what phase is this?

A

prophase

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21
Q

prophase

A

visible, condensed chromosomes; nuclear membrane & nucleoli disappear; cytoskeleton microfilaments & microtubules disaggregate; centrioles migrate to poles of cell to form spindle apparatus

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22
Q

what phase is this?

A

metaphase

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23
Q

metaphase

A

chromosomes lined up on equator at metaphase plate

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24
Q

what phase is this?

A

anaphase

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25
Q

anaphase

A

chromosomes split apart & migrate to opposite ends of cell; pulled by microtubules connecting the centriole & kinetochore, making the chromosomes form a V-shape

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26
Q

what phase is this?

A

telophase

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27
Q

telophase

A

nuclear membrane & nucleoli reappear; cleavage furrow in plasma membrane; mitotic spindle disaggregates; cytokinesis begins after formation of cleavage furrow until division is complete

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28
Q

what process is this?

A

apoptosis

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29
Q

apoptosis

A

nuclear chromatin condenses and degenerates; shrinkage of nucleus through pyknosis; nuclear membrane disintegrates; nuclear material begins to fragment forming apoptotic bodies (dark spots); cytoplasm becomes eosinophilic due to proteases

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30
Q

what cell is this?

A

erythrocytes

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31
Q

erythrocytes

A

biconcave discs; no nucleus or organelles; Howell-Jolly bodies sometimes present in cytoplasm that look like basophilic spots

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32
Q

what cell is this?

A

neutrophils

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33
Q

neutrophils

A

multi-lobed nucleus (3-5 lobes); about 2x larger than RBCs; won’t always see constrictions of nucleus lobes based on how the slide is cut; azurophilic & specific granules

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34
Q

what structure is this?

A

Barr body

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35
Q

Barr body

A

dark staining spot/extension of nucleus

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36
Q

what cell is this?

A

basophils

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37
Q

basophils

A
  • Bilobed nucleus
  • Large, basophilic specific
    granules
  • About 2x larger than RBCs
  • Circulating equivalent of mast cells in tissue
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38
Q

what cell is this?

A

mast cells

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39
Q

mast cells

A
  • Tissue equivalent of basophils in circulation
  • Comma shape
  • Extensive cytolasm packed with large, basophilic granules; granules are smaller but more
    numerous than basophils
  • Nucleus has less condensed chromatin than basophils
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40
Q

what cell is this?

A

eosinophils

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41
Q

eosinophils

A
  • Very visible bilobed nucleus
  • Large, eosinophilic specific granules
  • Raspberry appearance
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42
Q

what cell is this?

A

monocytes

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43
Q

monocytes

A
  • Large, kidney bean shaped
    nucleus (won’t always see
    nucleus shape due to how the cell lies on the slide)
  • Gray-blue/lavender cytoplasm
  • Become macrophages upon entering tissue
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44
Q

what cell is this?

A

lymphocytes

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45
Q

lymphocytes

A

-round, densely staining nucleus surrounded by thin rim of cytoplasm

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46
Q

what cells are these?

A

platelets (thrombocytes)

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47
Q

platelets (thrombocytes)

A

-no nucleus
-contain few organelles
-smaller than RBCs

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48
Q

name these cells

A

fibroblasts

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49
Q

fibroblasts

A

pointed, elongated, spindle-shaped cells
-basophilic nuclei throughout fibers

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50
Q

what type of collagen?

A

type I collagen

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51
Q

type I collagen

A

-high variation in size & packing of fibers depending on function/location
-cross-banding
-stains red

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52
Q

what type of collagen?

A

type II collagen (hyaline cartilage)

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53
Q

type II collagen

A

-found in hyaline cartilage and elastic cartilage
-no-cross banding
-can’t be seen by light microscopy

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54
Q

what type of collagen?

A

type III collagen (reticulin fibers)

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55
Q

type III collagen (reticulin fibers)

A

-thin, branching, net-like fibers
-stains black with silver stain
-stains poorly in H&E

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56
Q

what type of collagen?

A

type IV collagen

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57
Q

type IV collagen

A

-found in basement membrane
-doesn’t form fibers, instead forms mesh-work

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58
Q

what structure is this?

A

elastic fibers

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59
Q

elastic fibers

A

-stain black in special stains
-eosinophilic in H&E stain, but can’t normally be seen
-thick & slightly retractile
-wave-like conformation
-form irregular, branching network and stain purple in spread preparations

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60
Q

what is this tissue?

A

loose (areolar) tissue

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61
Q

loose (areolar) tissue

A

-sparse fibers & abundant ground substance
-viscous, gel-like consistency

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62
Q

what is this tissue?

A

regular dense tissue

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63
Q

regular dense tissue

A

-parallel collagen fibers
-cells arranged in fasicles
-densely packed fibers

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64
Q

what tissue is this?

A

irregular dense tissue

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65
Q

irregular dense tissue

A

-randomly oriented collagen fibers
-moderate number of fibers & few cells

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66
Q

what type of tissue?

A

white adipose tissue

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67
Q

white adipose tissue

A

-unilocular
-flattened peripheral nucleus gives ring appearance
-typically found in groups
-balloon-shaped clear spaces because lipid is extracted during staining
-oil red O stain allows lipid to be seen

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68
Q

what tissue is this?

A

brown adipose tissue

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69
Q

brown adipose tissue

A

-multilocular
-stain pink due to many mitochondria
-arranged in lobules separated by fibrous septa

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70
Q

what structure is this?

A

basement membrane

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71
Q

basement membrane

A

-on EM: electron-dense layer (lamina densa) b/w two electron-lucent layers (lamina lucida & lamina reticularis)
-non-cellular

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72
Q

what structure is this?

A

desmosomes

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73
Q

desmosomes

A

small, circular dark patches

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74
Q

what structure is this?

A

hemidesmosomes

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75
Q

hemidesmosomes

A

on basal surface only to anchor cell to basement membrane

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76
Q

what structure is this?

A

tight junction (zonula occludens)

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77
Q

what structure is this?

A

anchoring junction (zonula adherens)

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78
Q

what structure is this?

A

cilia

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79
Q

what structure is this?

A

microvilli

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80
Q

microvilli

A

-striated border in intestine or brush border in renal tubules
-supported by terminal web network of actin at base

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81
Q

cilia

A

9+2 arrangement of microtubules in cross-section

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82
Q

what type of epithelium?

A

transitional epithelium

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83
Q

transitional epithelium

A

-lines most of urinary tract
-distinct feature: surface edge is not flat

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84
Q

what cells are these?

A

goblet cells

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85
Q

goblet cells

A

-located in epithelium
-unicellular

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86
Q

what muscle is this?

A

skeletal muscle

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87
Q

skeletal muscle

A

-multinucleate & form syncitia
-nuclei migrate to periphery and are cigar-shaped

88
Q

what structure is this?

A

epimysium

89
Q

epimysium

A

surround several fascicles

90
Q

what structure is this?

A

perimysium

91
Q

perimysium

A

surrounds several fibers (fascicles)

92
Q

what structure is this?

A

endomysium

93
Q

endomysium

A

surrounds individual muscle fibers

94
Q

what structure is this?

A

Z-disc

95
Q

Z-discs

A

dark lines that anchor the actin myofibrils

96
Q

what structure is this?

A

sarcomere

97
Q

which filaments are these?

A

myosin filaments

98
Q

which filaments are these?

A

actin filaments

99
Q

what cells are these?

A

satellite cells

100
Q

satellite cells

A

-small myogenic cells adjacent to sarcolemma of muscle fiber
-look like nucleus on the side of a muscle fiber

101
Q

what structure is this?

A

neuromuscular junction

102
Q

neuromuscular junction

A

-dilated terminal portion of axon surrounded by myelin that rests on sarcolemma of muscle fiber (=motor end plate)
-synaptic cleft is space between neuron and muscle and has junctional folds
-near pre-synaptic membrane are vesicles containing acetylcholine

103
Q

what muscle type is this?

A

smooth muscle

104
Q

smooth muscle

A

-single, central cigar-shaped nucleus
-fiber size is much smaller than skeletal fibers
-elongated, spindle/spiral-shaped with tapered ends that may be bifurcated
-not striated

105
Q

what muscle type is this?

A

cardiac muscle (myocardium)

106
Q

cardiac muscle (myocardium)

A

-single, central nucleus (sometimes two)
-striated fibers
-intracellular diad of one T-tubule & one cisterna located at the Z-disc
-cells are different sizes due to branching
-contain a lot of fibroblasts

107
Q

what structure is this?

A

intercalated discs

108
Q

intercalated discs

A

between adjacent cardiac cells

109
Q

what structure is this?

A

epicardium & endocardium

110
Q

epicardium & endocardium

A

-simple, squamous mesothelium
-supported by underlying fibroblastic CT & adipose tissue
-Purkinje fibers, blood vessels & neurons located under layer
-epicardium & endocardium look exactly the same, would need to know the location of the tissue

111
Q

what cell is this?

A

neuron

112
Q

neuron

A

-soma and axon
-melanin and lipofuscin pigments typically in soma
-Nissl substance look like dark spots in perikaryon
-Nucleolus very apparent inside nucleus

113
Q

what structure is this?

A

Nissl substance

114
Q

what are these structures?

A

ganglia

115
Q

ganglia

A

-aggregations of neuron cell bodies, look like “fried eggs”
-each cell body surrounded by satellite cells
-white space=shrinkage artifact due to alcohol during preparation
-typically can’t see dendrites or axons

116
Q

what type of tissue is this?

A

peripheral nervous tisssue

117
Q

peripheral nervous tissue

A

-axons surrounded by Schwann cells, basophilic spots along axons are Schwann cell nuclei
-blood vessels follow epineurium and perineurium
-wavy to allow for stretching during body movement

118
Q

what structure is this?

A

epineurium

119
Q

epineurium

A

surrounds multiple fascicles

120
Q

what structure is this?

A

perineurium

121
Q

perineurium

A

surrounds multiple axons (fascicles)

122
Q

what structure is this?

A

endoneurium

123
Q

endoneurium

A

surrounds axon & Schwann cells

124
Q

what structure is this?

A

non-myelinated neuron

125
Q

non-myelinated neuron

A

-darkest stain is Schwann cell nucleus
-lighter circles are individual axons surrounded by cytoplasm of Schwann cell

126
Q

what structure is this?

A

myelinated neuron

127
Q

myelinated neuron

A

-surrounded by many concentric layers of Schwann cell plasma membrane forming myelin sheath
-larger diameter axon than non-myelinated sheaths

128
Q

what kind of stain is this?

A

hematoxylin & eosin

129
Q

hematoxylin & eosin stain

A

-for routine diagnosis
-preferred for viewing cellular & tissue structure
-hematoxylin: blue, basic dye; stains acids
-eosin: pink/red, acidic dye; stains basic

130
Q

what kind of stain is this?

A

gram-negative

131
Q

what kind of stain is this?

A

gram-positive

132
Q

what kind of stain is this?

A

Giesma stain

133
Q

Giesma stain

A

-commonly used in hematology
-superior ability to stain bone marrow, plasma cells, and mast cells

134
Q

what kind of stain is this?

A

Periodic Acid Schiff Reaction (PAS)

135
Q

Periodic Acid Schiff Reaction

A

way to examine structures containing high amount of carbohydrate molecules

136
Q

what kind of stain is this?

A

silver stain

137
Q

silver stain

A

good for neural tissue

138
Q

what kind of stain is this?

A

Nissl stain

139
Q

Nissl stain

A

good for neural tissue

140
Q

what structure is this?

A

nuclear envelope; has inner & outer membrane

141
Q

nuclear envelope

A

surrounds the nucleus & moderates what comes in/out of nucleus

142
Q

what structure is this?

A

perinuclear cistern

143
Q

what type of chromatin is this?

A

euchromatin

144
Q

euchromatin

A

dispersed DNA active in translation; lightly-staiing

145
Q

what type of chromatin is this?

A

heterochromatin

146
Q

heterochromatin

A

electron-dense, darkly-staining, inactive DNA

147
Q

what cell is this?

A

gamete (ovum)

148
Q

what cell is this?

A

non-functional polar body

149
Q

what type of bone marrow is this?

A

red bone marrow

150
Q

red bone marrow

A

contains large number of mature RBCs

151
Q

what type of bone marrow is this?

A

yellow bone marrow

152
Q

yellow bone marrow

A

fatty marrow; inactive; contains large number of adipocytes

153
Q

what cell is this?

A

proerythroblast (early normoblast)

154
Q

proerythroblast (early normoblast)

A

first recognizable erythrocyte precursor; large cell with relatively sparse cytoplasm; cytoplasm is strongly basophilic due to high content of RNA and ribosomes

155
Q

what cell is this?

A

polychromatic erythroblast (intermediate normoblast)

156
Q

polychromatic erythroblast (intermediate normoblast)

A

-mixture of basophilia and eosinophilia (polychromasia)
-nuclear chromatin increasingly condensed
-cell no longer capable of division

157
Q

what cell is this?

A

orthochromatic erythroblast (late normoblast)

158
Q

orthochromatic erythroblast (late normoblast)

A

final nucleated form; cell that shoves out nucleus

159
Q

what structure is this?

A

Howell-Jolly body

160
Q

Howell-Jolly bodies

A

occasional basophilic nuclear remnant visible w/in cytoplasm of erythrocyte; usually removed by spleen

161
Q

what RBC abnormality is this?

A

elliptocytosis

162
Q

elliptocytosis

A

autosomal dominant disorder; presence of oval-shaped RBCs

163
Q

what WBC abnormality is this?

A

leukopenia

164
Q

leukopenia

A

reduced number of circulating WBCs

165
Q

what WBC abnormality is this?

A

leukocytosis

166
Q

leukocytosis

A

elevated WBC count

167
Q

what cells are these?

A

reticular cells (type of fibroblast)

168
Q

what cell is this?

A

macrophage

169
Q

what type of collagen is this?

A

type II collagen (elastic cartilage)

170
Q

what structure is this?

A

stereocilia

171
Q

what structure is this?

A

cilia (cross-section)

172
Q

what structure is this?

A

flagella

173
Q

what structure is this?

A

gap junction

174
Q

what type of epithelium?

A

simple squamous epithelium

175
Q

what type of epithelium?

A

simple cuboidal epithelium

176
Q

what type of epithelium?

A

simple columnar epithelium

177
Q

what type of epithelium?

A

pseudostratified columnar epithelium

178
Q

what type of epithelium?

A

stratified squamous nonkeratinized

179
Q

simple squamous epithelium

A

flat cells & flat nuclei

180
Q

simple cuboidal epithelium

A

square cells, round nuclei

181
Q

simple columnar epithelium

A

rectangular cells, oval nuclei

182
Q

pseudostratified columnar epithelium

A

no order, entirely random

183
Q

stratified squamous nonkeratinized

A

flat but lots of cells; top layer still has living cells

184
Q

what type of epithelium?

A

stratified squamous keratinized

185
Q

stratified squamous keratinized epithelium

A

full of keratin; top layers of cells dead (no nuclei)

186
Q

what type of epithelium?

A

stratified cuboidal epithelium

187
Q

stratified cuboidal epithelium

A

square cells, round nuclei; 2-3 layers; very rare

188
Q

what type of epithelium?

A

stratified columnar epithelium

189
Q

what cells are these?

A

astrocytes

190
Q

astrocytes

A

highly branches; largest neuroglial cell

191
Q

what cells are these?

A

ependymal cells

192
Q

what structure is this?

A

white matter of spinal cord

193
Q

what structure is this?

A

white matter of cerebellum

194
Q

what structure is this?

A

grey matter of spinal cord

195
Q

what structure is this?

A

grey matter of cerebellum

196
Q

what cell is this?

A

Purkinje cell

197
Q

what structure is this?

A

granule cell layer of cerebellum

198
Q

what cells are these?

A

oligodendrocytes

199
Q

what cells are these?

A

microglia

200
Q

microglia

A

elongate; look like stepped on bug

201
Q

what structure is this?

A

choroid plexus- lined by ependymal cells

202
Q

what structure is this?

A

molecular layer of cerebellum

203
Q

what type of cell is this?

A

myoepithelial cell

204
Q

what muscle fiber type is this?

A

slow twitch

205
Q

what muscle fiber type is this?

A

fast twitch

206
Q

what structure is this?

A

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

207
Q

what structure is this?

A

elastic fiber

208
Q

what structure is this?

A

collagen fiber

209
Q

what cell is this?

A

fibroblasts

210
Q

what cell is this?

A

(white) adipocyte

211
Q

what structure is this?

A

tight junction

212
Q

what cell is this?

A

cap cell

213
Q

what structure is this? (sarcomere)

A

A-band

214
Q

what structure is this? (sarcomere)

A

I-band

215
Q

what structure is this?

A

synaptic cleft

216
Q

what structure is this?

A

synaptic vesicles

Histology Slides (2 decks)

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