slide 1

Question 1

Genetics

Answer 1

explains and predicts inheritance patterns

Question 2

gene

Answer 2

a segment of DNA that that encodes a protein

Question 3

Genetics determines

Answer 3

body function and health

Question 4

Chromosome

Answer 4

A continuous molecule of DNA plus associated
proteins

Question 5

Allele

Answer 5

One of the alternative forms of a gene

Question 6

Homozygous

Answer 6

true breeding PP;pp
Possessing identical alleles of one gene

Question 7

Heterozygous

Answer 7

Pp, Possessing different alleles of one gene

Question 8

Self-fertilization

Answer 8

pollinate themselves

Question 9

incomplete dominance

Answer 9

the heterozygotes have an mixed/intermediate phenotype. combined phenotype trait

Question 10

Codominance

Answer 10

heterozygous organism that displays the phenotype of both alleles of a single gene is said to display codominance. In this situation, neither allele is dominant or recessive to the other.(blood type AB) two different phenotypes present

Question 11

Multiple allelism

Answer 11

Many genes have more than two allele

Question 12

Polymorphic:

Answer 12

When more than two distinct phenotypes are present
in a population due to multiple allelism

Question 13

Polygenic inheritance

Answer 13

phenotype influenced by two or more genes (skin color; height; intelligence)

Question 14

Pleiotropy

Answer 14

single genes creates multiple effects on phenotype
(sickle-cell disease)
-a bunch (cascade) of phenotypic effects

Question 15

pedigree

Answer 15

• depicts family relationships and phenotypes
• tracks an autosomal dominant and recessive disorder

Question 16

autosomal dominant disease

Answer 16

Achondroplasia
& Huntington’s

Question 17

Dominant, autosomal

Answer 17

Dominant, autosomal
50 % of offspring affected,
doesn’t “skip” generations

Question 18

mitochondrial inheritance pedigree

Answer 18

• All the children of an affected female but none of the children of an affected male will inherit the disease.
  -Explanation: The human mitochondrion has a small circular genome of 16,569 bp which is
  remarkably crowded. It is inherited only through the egg, sperm mitochondria never contribute to the zygote population of mitochondria. There are relatively few human genetic diseases caused by mitochondrial mutations but, because of their maternal
  transmission, they have a very distinctive pattern of inheritance.

Question 19

X-inactivation

Answer 19

• prevents double-dosing of gene
  products.
  Example: If one X chromosome
  has an allele for orange fur and the other has an
  allele for black fur, color
  patterns emerge when X
  chromosomes are
  randomly inactivated.

Question 20

True-breeding

Answer 20

Homozygous; self-fertilization yields offspring
identical to self for a given trait

Question 21

Hybrid

Answer 21

Heterozygous; self-fertilization yields offspring with
mixed genotypes and phenotypes

Question 22

Wild-type

Answer 22

The most common allele, genotype, or phenotype in
a population

Question 23

locus

Answer 23

the actual location of the gene on a region of a chromosome.

Question 24

Codon

Answer 24

a three-nucleotide sequence (in mRNA) that encodes one amino acid.

Question 25

CRISPR-Cas9

Answer 25

cuts and edits specific genes with unprecedented precision

Question 26

Cas9

Answer 26

• an enzyme that binds to
  guide RNA that is engineered
  based on a specific target DNA
  sequence.
• cuts the double stranded
  DNA which is then deleted or
  modified

Question 27

Gene therapy

Answer 27

created by: Charpentier and biochemist Jennifer Doudna
-replaces faulty genes
- may
someday provide new
treatment options for
genetic diseases by
replacing a faulty
gene in a person’s
cells