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Body Systems Unit Vocabulary > Slide 1. > Flashcards

Slide 1. Flashcards

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1
Q

what is Voluntary-

A
  • muscle action that is under your control
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2
Q

what is Involuntary-

A

muscle action that is not under your control

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3
Q

what is Tendons-

A

strands of tough connective tissue that connect your skeletal muscle to your bones

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4
Q

what is Aerobic exercise-

A

steady, moderately intense activity

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5
Q

what is Strain-

A

an injury in which a muscle or tendon is overstretched or torn

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6
Q

what is Tendonitis-

A

inflammation of the tendons

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7
Q

what is homeostasis-

A

the maintenance of a constant internal state in a changing environment

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8
Q

ligaments

A

a short band of tough, flexible, fibrous connective tissue that connects two bones or cartilages or holds together a joint

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9
Q

fracture-

A

to crack or break a bone

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10
Q

cartilage-

A

a firm, elastic, flexible type of connective tissue found in joints as well as ear, nose, rib cage, etc.

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11
Q

Joint-

A

a place in which two or more bones meet

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12
Q

Cardiovascular system-

A

a collection of organs that transport blood throughout the body

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13
Q

Artery-

A

a blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart to the body’s organs

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14
Q

Capillary-

A

a tiny blood vessel that allows an exchange between blood and cells in other tissue

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15
Q

Vein-

A

a blood vessel that carries blood to the heart

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16
Q

Pulmonary circulation-

A
  • the flow of blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart through the pulmonary arteries, capillaries, and veins
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17
Q

Systemic circulation-

A

the flow of blood from the heart to all parts of the body and back to the heart

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18
Q

Blood pressure-

A

the amount of pressure it takes each heartbeat to pump blood through the arteries

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19
Q

stroke-

A

when blood vessels in the brain become clogged or rupture, resulting in no oxygen to the brain

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20
Q

atherosclerosis (high cholesterol)-

A

when excess cholesterol builds up inside the blood vessels, causing them to become narrower and less elastic

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21
Q

Heart attack-

A

when heart muscle cells die and part of the heart becomes damaged

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22
Q

Heart failure

A

when the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body’s needs

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23
Q

Pharynx

A

the passageway from the mouth to the larynx and esophagus

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24
Q

Respiration

A

the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between living cells and their environment; including breathing and cellular respiration

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25
Q

Trachea

A

windpipe, the tube that connects the lungs and larynx

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26
Q

Diaphragm-

A

a dome-shaped muscle beneath the lungs

27
Q

Digestive system

A

the organs that break down food so that it can be used by the body

28
Q

Chemical digestion

A

occurs when large molecules are broken down into nutrients

29
Q

Mechanical digestion-

A

the breaking, crushing, and mashing of food

30
Q

Esophagus-

A

a long, straight tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach

31
Q

Peristalsis-

A

rhythmic muscle contractions that occur in the esophagus, forcing food down into the stomach

32
Q

Stomach-

A

the sac-like digestive organ between the esophagus and the small intestine that breaks down food into a liquid by the action of muscles, enzymes, and acids

33
Q

Pancreas-

A

an oval organ that lies behind the stomach and that makes digestive enzymes and hormones that regulate sugar levels

34
Q

Small intestine-

A

located between the stomach and large intestine where most of the breakdown of food happens and most of the nutrients from food are absorbed

35
Q

Liver-

A

the largest organ in the body; it makes bile, stores and filters blood, and stores excess sugars

36
Q

Large intestine-

A

the wider and shorter portion of the intestine that removes water from mostly digested food and that turns the waste into semi-solid feces, or stool

37
Q

Central Nervous system-

A

(CNS) the brain and the spinal cord

38
Q

Peripheral Nervous system

A

(PNS) all of the parts of the nervous system except for the brain and spinal cord

39
Q

Neuron-

A

a nerve cell that is specialized to receive and conduct electrical impulses

40
Q

Nerve-

A
  • a collection of nerve fibers (axons) through which impulses travel between the CNS and other parts of the body
    brain- the organ that is the main control center of the nervous system
41
Q

brain-

A

the organ that is the main control center of the nervous system

42
Q

cerebrum-

A

the largest part of your brain where thoughts and memories are stored; this portion of the brain also controls voluntary movement

43
Q

cerebellum-

A

the second largest part of the brain; processes sensory information from your body (i.e. skeletal, muscles, and joints)

44
Q

medulla

A

part of the brain that connects to the spinal cord; controls involuntary processes

45
Q

Somatic nervous system

A

composed of neurons that control voluntary movements (i.e. walking, talking)

46
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

composed of neurons that control body functions that operate automatically (i.e. digestion, heart rate)

47
Q

Lymph-

A

the fluid that is collected by the lymphatic vessels and nodes

48
Q

Lymphocytes-

A

a type of white blood cell that helps your body fight pathogens

49
Q

Thymus

A

the main gland of the lymphatic system; produces T-cells to aid in fighting infection
Spleen- the largest lymphatic org

50
Q

Spleen

A

the largest lymphatic organ, place where lymphocytes are stored

51
Q

Tonsils-

A

organs that are small, rounded masses of lymphatic tissue located in the pharynx

52
Q

Tonsillitis-

A

inflammation of the tonsils

53
Q

Endocrine system-

A

controls body functions by using chemicals created in the endocrine glands

54
Q

Gland-

A

a group of cells that make special chemicals for the body

55
Q

Hormone-

A

a substance made in one cell or tissue that causes a change in another cell or tissue in a different part of the body

56
Q

Epinephrine-

A

often called adrenaline; is produced in the adrenal glands, and increases heart rate and breathing

57
Q

metabolism-

A

the sum of all chemical processes that take place in your body

58
Q

Insulin-

A

a chemical produced by the pancreas; helps to control the level of glucose in the blood

59
Q

Diabetes-

A

a hormone imbalance in which the body either does not use insulin properly or the pancreas does not make enough insulin

60
Q

Thyroid gland-

A

increases the rate in which you use energy

61
Q

Pituitary gland-

A

located in the brain, secretes hormones that affect other glands and organs

62
Q

Parathyroid glands-

A

regulate calcium levels in the blood

63
Q

Adrenal glands-

A

help the body respond to danger

64
Q

Thymus gland-

A

regulates the immune system, which helps your body fight disease

Body Systems Unit Vocabulary (1 decks)

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