Sleep Wake Disorders Flashcards
Non-rapid eye movement is divided into how many stages based on EEG?
Four stages
What is characterized by slowing of EEG rhythms, higher muscle tone, absence of eye movements, and absence of thought like activity?
Sleep
What stage of NREM is associated with theta waves?
Stage 1
What stage of NREM is associated with sleep spindles and K complexes?
Stage 2
What stage of NREM is associated with delta waves? This stage is also the deepest part of NREM and increases after exercise.
Stage 3
What type of sleep is associated with an aroused EEG, sexual arousal, saccadic eye movements, and dreaming?
REM (Rapid Eye Movement)
Learning and memory is associated with a(n) ___ REM?
Increased
What intefers with performance of complex tasks, decreased attention to detail, and the in ability to deal with crisis?
Sleep deprivation
Sleep deprivation has its greatest effects on what part of the brain?
Cerebral cortex
What hormone is increased in stage 4 sleep?
hGH
What happens to the levels of prolactin and serotonin during sleep?
Increased
What happens to the levels of dopamine and TSH during sleep?
Decreased
What sleep disorder is associated with dissatisfaction with sleep quantity or quality and difficulty in initiating and maintaining sleep?
Insomnia disorder
Insomnia disorder must occur how many nights per week?
3 nights per week
What disorder is associated with self-reported excessive sleepiness despite a main sleep period lasting at least 7 hours? Patients lapses into sleep within the same day. Sleep episodes are greater than 9 hours.
Hypersomnolence disorder
What disorder is associated with recurrent periods of irrepressible need to sleep, lapsing into sleep, or napping? Patients may experience episodes of cataplexy.
Narcolepsy
What type of apnea is characterized by at least 5 episodes of obstructive apneas per hour of sleep and symptoms OR evidence 15 obstructive apneas per hours regardless of symptoms?
Obstructive sleep apnea
What type of sleep apnea is associated with 5 central apnea per hour with no evidence of obstruction? Cheyne-Stokes breathing is seen in this type of apnea.
Central sleep apnea
What type of sleep disorder is characterized by episodes of decreased respiration associated with elevated CO2?
Sleep related hypoventilation
Comorbid sleep-related hypoventilation is associated with what?
A medical conduction, such as a pulmonary disorder
What type of sleep-wake disorder is associated with a persistent or recurrent pattern of sleep disruption due to alteration of circadian system OR misalignment between endogenous circadian rhythm and sleep wake schedule?
Circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorder
What disorder is associated with recurrent episodes of incomplete awakening from sleep accompanied by sleepwalking or sleep terrors?
Non-REM sleep arousal disorder
What type of disorder is associated with extremely dysphoric and well-remembered dreams that usually involves efforts to avoid threats to survival, security, or physical integrity?
Nightmare disorder
What type of disorder is associated with repeated episodes of arousal during sleep associated with vocalization or complex motor behaviors? These activities arise during REM sleep.
REM sleep behavior disorder
What disorder is characterized by an urge to move legs usually accompanied by a response to an uncomfortable sensation in the legs? This worsens with activity and is relieved by movement.
Restless leg syndrome
What neurotransmitter increases wakefulness and is antagonistic to sleep?
Dopamine
Alcohol intoxication decreases what part of sleep?
REM
Barbiturates decreases what part of sleep?
REM
Major depression disorder decreases what period of sleep
REM
What NT does what to sleep?
Initiates
ACH is higher during what sleep cycle?
REM
Norepinephrine is lower during what sleep cycle?
REM
What NT produces arousal and wakefulness?
Dopamine
