Sleep/Wake Disorders

Question 1

What is Insomnia

Answer 1

Dissatisfaction with sleep quantity or quality

Question 2

Types of Insomnia

Answer 2

1. difficulty getting to sleep (sleep onset)
2. Difficulty staying asleep (sleep maintenance)
3. Early-morning awakening and can’t get back to sleep (Late insomnia)

Question 3

Effects of Insomnia

Answer 3

Micro Sleep - straight to REM
Less productivity
High burden of disease
Comorbidities - anxiety, depression, PTSD

Question 4

Insomnia effect on sleep stages

Answer 4

In insomnia, stage 2 sleep is very fragmented, so struggle to get to REM

Question 5

What is Hypersomnolence?

Answer 5

Excessive sleepiness despite main sleep time of at least 7 hours
Rest does not restore them

Question 6

Causes of Hypersomnolence

Answer 6

• Depression - unknown which comes first
• Stress

Question 7

What is Narcolepsy?

Answer 7

Sudden and Unpredictable need for sleep that they cannot stop

Question 8

Types of Narcolepsy

Answer 8

1. Cataplexy
2. Hypocretin deficiency - means the brain cannot regulate wakefulness

Are seperate, hypocretin deficiency often does not cause catoplexy

3. Sleep abnormalities - early REM, straight into it

Question 9

Sleep Apnea vs Hypopnea

Answer 9

Apnea - complete airflow block
Hypopnea - reduced airflow

Question 10

Treatments for Dysomnias (psychological)

Answer 10

• Cognitive therapy
• Guided imagery relaxation
• Paradoxical intention
• Graduated Extinction
• Progressive Relaxation

Question 11

What is Paradoxical Intention

Answer 11

Trying not to fall asleep actually encourages sleep. likely due to reduced performance anxiety

Question 12

What is graduated extinction?

Answer 12

Gap between checking on child increases helping child to learn to fall asleep without aid