sleep medicine boards Flashcards
what is phase delay
Delayed sleep phase syndrome is a type of sleep disorder called a circadian rhythm sleep disorder. Your circadian rhythm is a 24-hour cycle that helps you stay awake during the day and fall asleep at night. This cycle regulates how certain parts of your body function, like your body temperature and digestion.
causes -Jet lag.
Extended bed rest.
An irregular sleep schedule.
Unhealthy sleeping habits (like drinking caffeine before bedtime).
Too much light exposure before bedtime and too little light exposure in the daytime.
muller’s maneuver
The Müller’s maneuver is a procedure that helps identify collapsed sections of the upper airway, such as the trachea. It’s used to help determine the cause of sleep apnea and can also be used to treat supraventricular tachycardia.
To perform the Müller’s maneuver, the patient: Expires forcefully
Attempts to inhale fully while keeping their mouth closed and nostrils plugged
where is velo pharynx?
The velopharynx is located in the throat and includes the soft palate, the side walls of the throat, and the back wall of the throat:
The velopharynx, also known as the velopharyngeal valve, is a muscular valve that separates the oral and nasal cavities during speech and swallowing. A properly functioning velopharynx is essential for normal speech and swallowing. When the velopharynx doesn’t work properly, it can cause speech and swallowing complications.
pharynx
Nasopharynx (the upper part of the pharynx behind the nose),
the oropharynx (the middle part of the pharynx), and the hypopharynx (the bottom part of the pharynx).
VELOPHARYX
Oropharynx behind the vertical portion of the soft palate
lung volume
During sleep, upper airway resistance increases as lung volume is reduced
when lung volume is reduced there is NO increase in caudal traction
Which of the following factors would contribute to the likelihood of a patient having OSA?
Reduced ventilatory response during an apneic arousal
reduced upper airway dilator muscle responsiveness
reduced arousal threshold
The underlying pathophysiology of OSA is multifactorial and varies considerably between individuals. Which of the following would be a reasonable targeted therapy?
Sedatives for individuals with low arousal thresholds
You Answered
Supplemental oxygen for individuals with HIGH loop gain
Supplemental oxygen for individuals with UNstable ventilatory control
A patient you are treating for OSA presents to your office complaining that her upper and lower back teeth no longer touch when she tries to bite them together. She reports that she can only feel her front teeth touching. After examination, you conclude this is related to contracture of her lateral pterygoid muscles bilaterally with resultant forward posturing of the mandible. Which of the following will best determine how successful you’ll be in helping her reestablishment of her original occlusion?
Length of time her muscles have been in contracture
The relationship between mandibular advancement and the forces created by the MAD as described by Cohen-Levy is:
LINEAR RELATED
Which of the following cephalometric predictors is most likely to correlate to MAS success:
Reduced distance between the hyoid bone and mandibular inferior border
During adolescence which of the following is likely to occur
Circadian phase advancement
Children will typically demonstrate which of the following:
Higher arousal thresholds during N3 sleep
Primary enuresis in children: Most episodes occur early in the sleep cycle
The Scammon Curve - The child’s airway is anatomically at risk for OSA
children with OSA have:Better preservation of sleep architecture
Different regions of the brain are affected by chronic sleep loss. Which region of the brain is most likely to be affected by sleep loss resulting in risk taking by the adolescent?
Striatum
What is Scammon curve
