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Sleep Disorders > Sleep Disorders > Flashcards

Sleep Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Sleep is composed of 2 distinct states

A

NREM (stag 1-3) and REM

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2
Q

In the sleep cycle, what do older adults have less of?

A

NREM- stage 3
(Less slow wave sleep SWS)

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3
Q

Because adults have less of NREM SWS how does this affect the REM sleep

A

Lighter more fragmented sleep

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4
Q

Generalized slowing of the electroencephalographic activity characterizes the transition to what?

A

Transition from drowsiness to light sleep (stage 1 NREM)

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5
Q

Emergence of sleep spindles and k-complex waveforms accompany what stage of sleep?

A

Stage 2 (onset of deeper sleep)

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6
Q

Desynchronization of slow delta waves characterizes what stage of sleep?

A

NREM stage 3 (slow wave sleep)

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7
Q

How many cycles of NREM and REM do people experience on average?

A

5 cycles

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8
Q

Each cycle of REM and NREM sleep lasts approximately how long?

A

70-90mins

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9
Q

Periods of NREM sleep constitute what percentage of. Total sleep time?

A

80%

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10
Q

What two opposing processes interact to strengthen sleep?

A
  1. Homeostatic drive for sleep
  2. Circadian system
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11
Q

What are the benefits of sleeping in time with your circadian rhythm?

A
  1. Quicker onset of sleep
  2. Fewer awakenings
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12
Q

Where is the ‘physiological pacemaker’ located?

A

Suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus

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13
Q

Melatonin is secreted from the ________

A

Pineal gland

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14
Q

Onset of secretion for melatonin is early evening and peak levels occur when?

A

Middle of the night

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15
Q

Central melatonin receptors are concentrated where?

A

Primarily in the suprachiasmatic nucleus in hypothalamus

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16
Q

Classification of sleep disorders consists of what categories?

A

Primary and secondary sleep disorders

17
Q

Define insomnia

A

Difficulty initiating sleep and staying asleep
And dissatisfaction with sleep quality

18
Q

Additional criteria that may help to categorize insomnia include:

A
  1. Daytime tiredness
  2. Poor functioning
  3. Fatigue or malaise
  4. Naps during the day
  5. Disturbances in concentration
  6. Memory and mood
  7. Tension headaches
  8. GI symptoms
19
Q

Lost the criteria for chronic insomnia

A

Sleep disturbance for at least 3 nights/wk
Persists for more than 3 months

20
Q

List examples of primary sleep disorders under the Dyssomnia sleep category

A

Primary insomnia
Hypersomnia
Narcolepsy
Sleep apnea
Circadian rhythm sleep disorders

21
Q

Secondary sleep disorders are due to what?

A

Medical or psychiatric conditions

22
Q

Opioids are associated with sleep disordered breathing

A

Both central and obstructive sleep apnea have been associated with chronic opioid treatment

Central sleep apnea is the absence of airflow for more than 10 seconds with an absence of ventilator effort

Obstructive sleep apnea is associated with continued ventilator effort

23
Q

What two cancers have the highest rate of sleep disturbance?

A

Breast
Lung

24
Q

Insomnia is more likely to be reported in young or old cancer patients?

A

Young

25
Q

I’m chronically ill patients what two demographics are associated with insomnia?

A

Increased prevalence in older
Adults and women.

26
Q

Self report questionnaires have been developed

List three:

A

The Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI)

global sleep quality index (GSQI)

Insomnia severity index

27
Q

What is an example of a non benzo benzodiazepine receptor agonist

A

Zopiclone

28
Q

Name 3 benzodiazepines that could be used to treat sleep disturbances

A

Alprazolam
Diazepam
Clonazepam

29
Q

What is a non benzodiazepine hypnotic drug that is a benzo receptor agonist

A

Zopiclone

30
Q

What are the side effects of zopiclone?

A

Palpitations
Agitation
Anterograde amnesia
Asthenia
GI symptoms

31
Q

What two anticonvulsants May you use to manage sleep disturbances?

A

Gabapentin
Pregabalin

32
Q

What are some side effects of Gabapentin

A

Drowsiness
Dizziness
Ataxia
Tremor
Diplopia
Nystagmus
Myalgia
Peripheral edema

33
Q

Name two atypical antipsychotics you may use to manage sleep disturbance.

A

Olanzapine
Quetiapine

34
Q

What are side effects of quetiapine and olanzapine that you need to monitor for

A

Drowsiness
Dizziness
Ataxia tremor
EPS
New onset diabetes

35
Q

What is the first line recommendation for insomnia

A

CBT

Proven for treatment and prevention of insomnia relapse

36
Q

Patients undergoing CBT for insomnia are likely to use what technique in presleep periods?

A

Relaxation training

Sleep Disorders (1 decks)

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