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Body Clock > Sleep Cycles and Circadian Rhythms > Flashcards

Sleep Cycles and Circadian Rhythms Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 Clocks?

A

1) The Sunclock
2) Social Clock
3) Peripheral Clock (muscle clocks)

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2
Q

Why do we shut our eyes at bedtime?

A

To remove the light stimulus on the SCN to allow the release of melatonin

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3
Q

What is the method of recording sleep?

A

Polysomnography (PSG)

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4
Q

What are the main sleep states and their attributes
(4 types)

A

NREM 1 - Light Sleep
NREM 2 - Light Sleep (spend 50% of the night in NREM2)
NREM 3 - Slow wave sleep (deep sleep)
REM - 25% of total sleep

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5
Q

How many NREM-REM cycles occur per night? How long do they Last?

A

4-6 Cycles per night
Occuring between 90-120 minutes for adults
50 minutes for infants

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6
Q

What is Cheyne Stokes Breathing?

A

Is characterised by apneic period (no breathing occuring) followed by rapid breathing to replace the lost oxygen and remove the excess CO2

Occurs in 0.5% of the population

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7
Q

Characteristics of SWS?

A

Toxic wastes area removed through the lymphatic system
Stability in breathing
Is where most nightmares, terrors or sleep walking occurs

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8
Q

What is paradoxical sleep also known as?

A

REM Sleep

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9
Q

Characteristics of REM sleep

A
  • Loss of muscle tone (except diaphragm and heart)
  • Low amplitude submental muscle activity
  • Muscular Twitches
  • Most dreaming occurs during REM sleep
  • Increase in Body temp, HR, BP and respiratory Rate
  • Decrease in Gastrointestinal Motility
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10
Q

What is Lucid Dreaming?

A

When you are dreaming but you are aware that it is occuring

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11
Q

Does Body Temp increase or decrease during REM sleep?

A

Increase

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12
Q

Where does the largest chunks of SWS and REM sleep occur?

A

SWS, in the first sleep cycle - usually 90-100 minutes

REM Sleep in the last sleep cycle - just before waking

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13
Q

What are the objective measures of sleep?

A

WASO - Wake after sleep onset
SOL - Sleep Onset Latency
TST - Total Sleep Time

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14
Q

What are the Subjective measures of sleep?

A
  • Ones satisfaction of sleep experiences
  • Refreshment upon awakening
  • Sleep Efficiency (%) total time spent asleep while in bed
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15
Q

What is Sleep Misperception?

A

Cortical Activity level VS perceived sleep time is the cause of the misconception
A mismatch between subjectively perceived and objectively recorded sleep time

Over estimators showed lower EEG activation in REM sleep –> decrease activity of arousal related system

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16
Q

What happens to SWS with age?

A

SWS decreases with age
- The amplitude of the delta waves decline in old age due to the body clock ageing (not functioning as aswell as previously would have)

17
Q

What is the differences between sleep extension and sleep restriction on the objective and subjective measures of sleep?

A

Extension
- Increased onset of sleep every night
- Due to getting too much sleep –> causing decreased SE

Restriction
- Decreased sleep onset
- SE maintained
- Increased SWS

18
Q

Sources of sleep Disturbance

A
  • Anxious Brain (most common)
  • Sleeping environment - Sleeping in a different bed
  • Voluntary sleep curtailment
  • Medical conditions (chronic pain or muscle soreness)
  • Dietary intake (too much alcohol or caffeine intake)
  • Jet lag / Occupational Jet Lag
19
Q

How does sleep impact on motor skill learning?

A

After a bout pf sleep –> the motor task greatly improved with adequate levels of sleep

Due to Stage 2 NREM sleep required for motor skill acquisition

20
Q

What does Polyphasic sleep mean?

A

Not one single bout of sleep

21
Q

What is the sleep needs of Newborns, Infants and Toddlers

A

Newborns - 14-17 Hours
Infants - 12-15 Hours
Toddlers - 11-14 Hours

22
Q

What is the sleep needs of School Age and Adults?

A

School age - 9-11 Hours
Adults - 7-9 Hours

23
Q

What are some consequences of inadequate sleep?

A

Hypertension, Craving sweet dense food, Risk of Diabetes
- These are all linked

Decreased immune response
Impaired cognition
Crankiness

24
Q

What does sleep deprivation do to motor control?

A

Decreases reaction time
Decreases sustained attention

Body Clock (5 decks)

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