Sleep Apnoea

Question 1

Recurrent collapse of … airway

Answer 1

pharyngeal airway

–collapse of soft tissue in pharynx as tone in pharangeal dilators decrease during sleep

Question 2

Apnoea defined as

Answer 2

Cessation of airflow for more than 10s

Question 3

Sleep apnoea also known as

Answer 3

Pickwickian syndrome

Question 4

Risk factors

Answer 4

• Smoking, alcohol,sedative use
• Enlarge tonsils or adenoids in children
• Macroglossia, marfans, craniofacial abnorms

Question 5

Epidemiology W VS M

Answer 5

W=2-5%

M-5-20%

Question 6

Hx

Answer 6

Morning headaches, difficulty concentrating, irritability, mood changes

Question 7

Examination

Answer 7

• Enlarged tongue/tonsils/uvula
• Retrognathia–pulled back jaws
• Neck circumference M >42cm F >40cm

Question 8

IVG Bloods

IVG

Answer 8

TFT, ABG

Polysomnography, diagnostic sleep studies with monitoring of airflow, respiratory effort, pulse oximetery and HR.

Question 9

Managment
Mild:
Moderate:
Severe:

Answer 9

Mild: Sleep on side, weight loss, smoking, alcohol, sedatives and late night meals

moderate:mandibular advancement splints

Severe: CPAP-positive pressure to keep airways patent/ surgery- removal of nasal polyps, deviated septum uvulopalatopharyngoplasty

Question 10

Complication

Answer 10

worsening of congestive heart failure, linked to increased risk of coronary artery disease and stroke