Sleep Apnea Flashcards
What is the Behavioral Definition of sleep?
A reversible state of perceptual disengagement from and unresponsiveness to the environment
*Usually but not always accompanied by postural recumbency and physical quiescent
What defines the appropriate amount of sleep for any person?
Appropriate amount of sleep is determined by how that person feels the next day when they wake up, not by how long they sleep.
Who sleeps the most?
• when is growth hormone secreted?
Infants sleep 80% of the day.
• Growth hormone is released uring non-REM sleep
T or F: Elderly people have the same sleep requirements as adults but their age-related conditions decrease sleep.
True, as you age you get more sleep problems.
What happens during the REM cycle?
• what happens to REM cycles the longer you sleep?
REM sleep - brain activity is such that it looks like you’re awake but everything is flacid execept the diaphragm and eyes
• REM cycles happen around every 90 minutes and get longer with each cycle that occurs during sleep
How does someone might someone with sleep pathology present?
- Sleepiness
- Insomnia
- Snoring - caused by increase in neck fat that compresses the larynx while sleeping
- Abnormal behaviors - siezures
- Nightmares - psychiatric, PTSD
- Abnomal movements - knee jerk
What are some places to look in the history and physical if you’re looking to find sleep pathology?
- Circadian Misalignment - night shifts?
- Pharmacological Factors - benzos
- Medical Factors
- Psych/Social Factors - PTSD
- Primary sleep dx
What serves as the filter to the cortex when we sleep so that we get perceptual disengagement?
• what is the pacemaker for circadian rhythm balanced by melatonin-secreting pineal gland?
Hypothalmus is the site of perceptual disengagment
SUPRACHIASMIC nucleus - pacemaker for circadian rhythm
A stroke in which part of the brain would most affect sleep?
Hypothalmus
What part of the brain receives information about sunlight that keeps you awake?
• which part produces and stores ____________(a) a neurotransmitter that signals for sleep?
- Suprachiasmatic nucleaus between hypothalmus and optic chiasm
- the Ventrolateral preoptic nucleus uses GABA to signal for sleep
***What are the 5 dimensions to evaluate in sleep medicine?
- Circadian Misalignment
- Pharmacologic Factors
- Medical Factors
- Psychiatric and Psychosocial Factors
- Primary Sleep Diagnoses
T or F: the amount of sleep you get is an important risk factor of CHF, Pulmonary HTN, and atrial fibrillation.
True, it is a key risk factor in CHF, PAH, and A. fib.
Morbidity and mortality of sleep:
• Car accidents
• Sleepiness
• Cognitive harm
• Bed Partner
• CVD
• HTN
• CHF/PHTN
• A. fibrillation
Morbidity and mortality of sleep:
• Car accidents
• Sleepiness
• Cognitive harm
• Bed Partner
• CVD
• HTN
• CHF/PHTN
• A. fibrillation
You should know that sleep is not uniform, its divided into 3 phases, these are:
- Awake
- non-REM sleep
- REM sleep
During what sleep phase are you more likely to develop an arrythmia? why?
REM sleep is when we see arrhythmias because airway colapse occurs due to muscle paralysis.
