Sleep And Dreams

Question 1

What are the aims of the dement and kleitman 1957 study

Answer 1

1. To find out if dreaming occurs during REM sleep
2. To find out if the length of time spent in REM sleep has anything to do with the length of the dream.
3. To find out if the direction of eye movement says anything about the content if the dream

Question 2

What where the hypothesis of the dement and kleitmam 1957 study

Answer 2

1. More dreaming will happen during REM sleep than in non REM sleep

2.participates will report longer dreams after 15 minites on REM sleep than they do after 5 minites in REM sleep

3.the pattern of REM observed during sleep will relate to the content of the dream reported upon waking

Question 3

What is the method of dement and kleitmans 1957 study

Answer 3

Lab experiment and observation

Question 4

What Is the procedure of dement and kleitmans 1957 study

Answer 4

Eletrocyes were connected to the patients eyes to register eye movements and on the scalp to measure brain waves

Patients were awaken at various times during the night and reported to a recording device weather they had been dreaming or not and what the context of the dream before any contact with the experimenter to avoid bais

Question 5

What where the results if study 1 of the dement and kleitman study

Answer 5

Regardless of how subjects were awaken significantly more dreams were reported in REM sleep than NREM

Question 6

What were the result’s of study 2 of demnet and kleitman 1957 study

Answer 6

Subjects accurately matched the duration of their dream to the length they had been jn REM sleep for with 5 minite periods 45- 51 estimate correct and 15 minite periods 45- 60

Question 7

What were the results of study 3 of the dement and kleitman 1957 study

Answer 7

Strong accusations between the patterns of REMs and content of dream reports

Question 8

Explain one strength of the dement and kleitman 1957 study

Answer 8

The basic experiment design of waking participates up to complete tasks during various stages of the sleep cycle is still in use today

Question 9

Explain one weakness if the dement and kleitman 1957 study

Answer 9

It’s a lab experiment so people know taht they are being studied and are wired up . Experiment has low ecological validity and dosnt nessicerly represent a normal night’s sleep

Question 10

Describe stage one of sleep cycle

Answer 10

Stage one is a relatively light state and acts as a transition stage between wakefulness and sleep this stage ussualy last around 5 - 10 minites

Question 11

Describe stage two of the sleep cycle

Answer 11

This stage last for approximately 20 minutes.this is where the brain produces bursts of rapid rhythmic brain waves known as sleep spindles

Question 12

Describe stage 3 of the sleep cycle

Answer 12

Stage 3 is were deep waves known as delta waves start emerging. This stage is a transition stage between light and verry deep sleep.

Question 13

Describe stage 4 of the sleep cycle

Answer 13

This is were slow brain waves known as delta waves are produced. This stage last approximately 30 minutes . This is the stage that bed-wetting and sleepwalking occurs.

Question 14

Describe stage 5 of the sleep cycle

Answer 14

Stage 5 is REM sleep whereas stage 1- 4 are NREM sleep.

Stage 5 is where most dreaming occurs.REM sleep is characterised by teh random movement of the eyes as well as increased repistory rate and brain activity. We have around 5 REM episodes a night

Question 15

What is manifest content

Answer 15

What the patient reports

Question 16

What is latent content

Answer 16

the symbolic meaning underneath what the patient reports

Question 17

What is the anysists job

Answer 17

To work out the latent content from the manifest content

Question 18

Using Freud and little hands case study what is the manifest content

Answer 18

Little hands father told Freud taht little hands had dreamed taht two giraffes were in his room one night ,one tall and one crumpled.
Hands took the crumpled giraffe away from the tall giraffe which cried out this is the manifest content

Question 19

Using frueds little hands case study what is the latent content

Answer 19

Freud the analyst told little hands dad that the dream ment that the crumpled giraffe represented the mother. Hands takes away the crumpled giraffe the mother showing how he wants to take his mother away from his father . Who is represented by the other giraffe that and is crying out in anger at hands taking his mother away from him. This is yhe latent content as it’s what Freud twh analyst is telling hands father the patient

Question 20

What did Oswald’s restoration theory claim

Answer 20

That NREM sleep restore biological processes taht have Detroitated throughout the day and REM sleep replenishes and renews brain processes through the process of protien synthesis

Question 21

One peice of evidence that supports Oswald’s theory

Answer 21

Sleep is required for immune functioning then we expect total sleep time to increase during periods of illness this had been observed in both humans and other species.

Question 22

Secound peice of evidence taht supports Oswald’s restoration theory

Answer 22

A experiment where rats where deprived of sleep fir 24 hrs when compared to the control group the sleep deprived rats indicated a 20% decrease in whit blood cell count. Rats kept awake indefinably depevelop skin lesorations weight loss, hypothermia and sepsis

Question 23

Evidence of Oswald’s restoration theory

Answer 23

In recent years research has focused on the long term affects if sleep deprivation and linking chronic sleep deprivation to disease like cancer heart disease diabetes and obesity.

Question 24

Evidence against Oswald’s restoration theory

Answer 24

During REM sleep the brain is very active preventing protien synthesis from taking place this dosnt not mean sleep isn’t for restoration but makes it unlikely taht REM sleep is specifically for restoration of the brain as Oswald claimed