Sleep And Dreams Flashcards
What are the aims of the dement and kleitman 1957 study
- To find out if dreaming occurs during REM sleep
- To find out if the length of time spent in REM sleep has anything to do with the length of the dream.
- To find out if the direction of eye movement says anything about the content if the dream
What where the hypothesis of the dement and kleitmam 1957 study
- More dreaming will happen during REM sleep than in non REM sleep
2.participates will report longer dreams after 15 minites on REM sleep than they do after 5 minites in REM sleep
3.the pattern of REM observed during sleep will relate to the content of the dream reported upon waking
What is the method of dement and kleitmans 1957 study
Lab experiment and observation
What Is the procedure of dement and kleitmans 1957 study
Eletrocyes were connected to the patients eyes to register eye movements and on the scalp to measure brain waves
Patients were awaken at various times during the night and reported to a recording device weather they had been dreaming or not and what the context of the dream before any contact with the experimenter to avoid bais
What where the results if study 1 of the dement and kleitman study
Regardless of how subjects were awaken significantly more dreams were reported in REM sleep than NREM
What were the result’s of study 2 of demnet and kleitman 1957 study
Subjects accurately matched the duration of their dream to the length they had been jn REM sleep for with 5 minite periods 45- 51 estimate correct and 15 minite periods 45- 60
What were the results of study 3 of the dement and kleitman 1957 study
Strong accusations between the patterns of REMs and content of dream reports
Explain one strength of the dement and kleitman 1957 study
The basic experiment design of waking participates up to complete tasks during various stages of the sleep cycle is still in use today
Explain one weakness if the dement and kleitman 1957 study
It’s a lab experiment so people know taht they are being studied and are wired up . Experiment has low ecological validity and dosnt nessicerly represent a normal night’s sleep
Describe stage one of sleep cycle
Stage one is a relatively light state and acts as a transition stage between wakefulness and sleep this stage ussualy last around 5 - 10 minites
Describe stage two of the sleep cycle
This stage last for approximately 20 minutes.this is where the brain produces bursts of rapid rhythmic brain waves known as sleep spindles
Describe stage 3 of the sleep cycle
Stage 3 is were deep waves known as delta waves start emerging. This stage is a transition stage between light and verry deep sleep.
Describe stage 4 of the sleep cycle
This is were slow brain waves known as delta waves are produced. This stage last approximately 30 minutes . This is the stage that bed-wetting and sleepwalking occurs.
Describe stage 5 of the sleep cycle
Stage 5 is REM sleep whereas stage 1- 4 are NREM sleep.
Stage 5 is where most dreaming occurs.REM sleep is characterised by teh random movement of the eyes as well as increased repistory rate and brain activity. We have around 5 REM episodes a night
What is manifest content
What the patient reports
What is latent content
the symbolic meaning underneath what the patient reports
What is the anysists job
To work out the latent content from the manifest content
Using Freud and little hands case study what is the manifest content
Little hands father told Freud taht little hands had dreamed taht two giraffes were in his room one night ,one tall and one crumpled.
Hands took the crumpled giraffe away from the tall giraffe which cried out this is the manifest content
Using frueds little hands case study what is the latent content
Freud the analyst told little hands dad that the dream ment that the crumpled giraffe represented the mother. Hands takes away the crumpled giraffe the mother showing how he wants to take his mother away from his father . Who is represented by the other giraffe that and is crying out in anger at hands taking his mother away from him. This is yhe latent content as it’s what Freud twh analyst is telling hands father the patient
What did Oswald’s restoration theory claim
That NREM sleep restore biological processes taht have Detroitated throughout the day and REM sleep replenishes and renews brain processes through the process of protien synthesis
One peice of evidence that supports Oswald’s theory
Sleep is required for immune functioning then we expect total sleep time to increase during periods of illness this had been observed in both humans and other species.
Secound peice of evidence taht supports Oswald’s restoration theory
A experiment where rats where deprived of sleep fir 24 hrs when compared to the control group the sleep deprived rats indicated a 20% decrease in whit blood cell count. Rats kept awake indefinably depevelop skin lesorations weight loss, hypothermia and sepsis
Evidence of Oswald’s restoration theory
In recent years research has focused on the long term affects if sleep deprivation and linking chronic sleep deprivation to disease like cancer heart disease diabetes and obesity.
Evidence against Oswald’s restoration theory
During REM sleep the brain is very active preventing protien synthesis from taking place this dosnt not mean sleep isn’t for restoration but makes it unlikely taht REM sleep is specifically for restoration of the brain as Oswald claimed
