Sleep Flashcards
What are the behavioural criteria in sleep?
Species specific posture/Loss of posture
Minimal movement
Reduces responsiveness to external stimuli
Reversible with stimulation
What are physiological criterias of sleep?
Defined with series of test -EEG-EO(Occular)G-EMG-see other flash cards for detail
What are the stages of sleep? Define how the physiology changes in each
Awake-EOG, EMG and EEG are all active
Stage 1&2 (NREM (non-rapid eye movement)-EEG, EOG and EMG -low action
Stage 3&4 (NREM)-EEG slower, and EOG slower
REM -EEG-less active, looking like awake, EOG-very active, EMG-less active than any other -usually considered when youre dreaming
Describe a single sleep cycle?
90min - Stage1->2->3->4 ->3 ->2 ->REM (then back down)
EEG, HR and Respiration also follows a similar curve-highest during REM, lowest in Stg 4
What is the reticular activating system? Where does it originate and go?
System that allows conciousness (Like turns it on)-
Originate in brainstem projects upwards
What is the role of the lateral hypothalamus in wakefullness? and the Anterior Hypothalamus? Anything else?
Lateral Hypo produced orexin/hypocretin promotes wakefullness - keep you awake
Anterior hypothalamus-Ventrolateral pre-optic nucleus-PROMOTES sleep
Also action of Superchiasmatic nucleus-synchronises sleep with light levels (via melationin)-to pineal gland and RAS
Is sleep necessary?
Nearly all species sleep
Sleep deprivation can cause sleepiness, stress, irritability, impaired attention/memory, neurodegeneration, seizures, glucose intolerance, impaired immunity, CVD and cancer,
—a lot-seems pretty necessary
What does your brain do if you havent slept well recently?
Reduced latency to sleep onset, increase of NREM, increase of REM (if selective REM sleep deprivation)
What could be the functions of sleep
Unsure
Restoration and recovery-but active people dont sleep more
Energy conservation
Predatory avoidance? -why so complex
improve specific brain function (memory, etc)
When can dreams occur? Why do they occur?
Can occur in NREM and REM -more frequent in REM and more easily recalled
Dreams are more emotional-but actual role is unknown
Brain limbic system is more active than frontal cortex
What is the 2 most common sleep disorders? Define the diseases and treatments?
Insomnia and Hypersomnia
Insomnia-sleep less at night
Hypersomnia-too sleepy during day -often due to people waking up in night-often dont remember in the morning (causes are similar than Insomnia, can be primary)
Most cases are transient. Usually come together-Insomnia leads to day hypersombia.
Chronic is rarer -can be physiological (sleep apnea, chronic pain) or brain dysfunction (depresstion, fatal familial insomnia, night working)
Treatments-usually just sleep hygiene, Hypnotycs (Melatonin, Gabanergic), then Sleep CBT
What is narcolepsy?
Primary neurological problem-falling alseep repeatedly during day and disturbed sleep at night
Often comes with Cataplexy - sudden, fast loss of mucle tone
Dysfunction of control of REM sleep
Orexin/hypocretin deficiency
What are the theories regarding the relation between sleep and neurodegenerative diseases?
Consequence or cause-unsure
Cycle between the two-sleep are manifestations of neurodegenerative (often very anterior to the diagnosis of the degenerative), but can also be causing/aggravating them (
Can you treat sleep problem to improve the neurodegenerative disease?)
