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PYB102 end of sem > sleep > Flashcards

sleep Flashcards

1
Q

Polysomnography - methods of measuring sleep

A

Electroencephalogram (EEG)
- brain waves

Electrooculogram (EOG)
- eye movements

Electromyogram (EMG)
- muscle tension

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2
Q

Polysomnography - methods of measuring sleep

A

Electroencephalogram (EEG)
- brain waves

Electrooculogram (EOG)
- eye movements

Electromyogram (EMG)
- muscle tension

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3
Q

stages of sleep

A

Wake

  • alert
  • relaxed eyes closed

Stage 1 - drifting

Stage 2 - brain blocks stimulus from outside world
- napping

Slow wave sleep - deepest sleep

REM - rapid eye movement
- resemble waking activities

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4
Q

during REM sleep

A
  • pons sends signal up to brain to dream
  • pons sends signal down to spine to tell muscles to stop moving
  • causes sleep paralysis when not disabled when you wake up
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5
Q

sleep as homeostatic

A

the more you’re awake the more you need to sleep

sleep load

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6
Q

sleep as circadian

A

body clock

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7
Q

zietgeber

A

the external/environmental cue that entrains or synchronises our biological rhythms/ circadian rhythms

Light is our primary influence of zeitgeber, associating the day/night with awake and sleep

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8
Q

what happens when you get jet lag?

A
  • occurs when crossing large number of time zones quickly
  • results of a mismatch between our internal cock and our external day
  • demonstrates the importance of circadian rhythm for alertness levels and sleep propensity
  • generally worst traveling east (with the rotation of the earth)
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9
Q

stages of sleep

A

Wake

  • alert
  • relaxed eyes closed

Stage 1 - drifting

Stage 2 - brain blocks stimulus from outside world
- napping

Slow wave sleep

  • deepest sleep
  • stage 3 - delta waves appear
  • stage 4 - mostly delta waves

REM - rapid eye movement
- resemble waking activities

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10
Q

during REM sleep

A
  • pons sends signal up to brain to dream
  • pons sends signal down to spine to tell muscles to stop moving
  • causes sleep paralysis when not disabled when you wake up
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11
Q

sleep as homeostatic

A

the more you’re awake the more you need to sleep

sleep load

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12
Q

sleep as circadian

A

body clock

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13
Q

circadian rhythm

A

behavioural , biochemical and physiological fluctuations occurring over a 24 hour period

  • Sleep/wake cycle influenced by internal clock j
  • out internal clock is generally longer than 24 hours
  • suprachiasmatic Nucleus (SCN)
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14
Q

Light is our primary …

A

zietgeber

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15
Q

what happens when we don’t sleep?

Sleep deprivation can lead to…

A
  • increased likelihood to sleep
  • slowed response times
  • narrowing of attention
  • microsleeps
  • lapses and errors in many cognitive and practical tasks

-

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16
Q

what happens when we don’t sleep?

Chronic sleep restriction

A
  • gradually building up “sleep debt”
  • overtime, the effect is similar to sleep deprivation
    • mood
    • task performance
  • recovery is not immediate
17
Q

Sleep and Memory

A

actively integrating new memories with pre-existing knowledge

  • sleep following declarative task learning improves retention
    • slows forgetting the info
    • memory is more resistant to interference
  • sleep can lead to insight into previously learned info
  • slow wave sleep is particularly important in memory retention
18
Q

how much sleep do we need

A

individual differences with no way to test for a specific number of hours

evidence suggest we are generally under-slept

duration is not the only factor if adequate sleep

19
Q

characteristics of sleep

A

satisfaction

alertness

timing

efficiency

duration

20
Q

‘Good’ sleep categorised by…

A

~7-9- hours

consolidated sleep - no interruptions

subjective night (circadian dips into allertness)

regular wake/sleep times

variation is normal

21
Q

problems with sleep

A

insomnia

sleep related breathing disorders

central disorders of hyper somnolence

circadian rhythm disorders

parasomnia

sleep related movement disorders

22
Q

problems with sleep

insomnia

A

can be considered a symptom or disorder

defined -
difficult to initiate or maintain sleep OR poor quality of sleep at least once a month

treatment with psychological and behavioural strategies
- eg restriction of time in bed, sleep hygiene education

sleep state misperception

hyper arousal

PYB102 end of sem (4 decks)

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