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PPS 923 > Sleep > Flashcards

Sleep Flashcards

1
Q

What is sleep?

A

A reversible state of unconsciousness.

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2
Q

Where is sleep regulated?

A

within the brainstem and hypothalamus.

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3
Q

How does the brainstem and hypothalamus regulate sleep?

A

Through GABA and ACh.

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4
Q

What are the functions of sleep?

A

Physical restoration
Memory
Learning

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5
Q

What is the latin meaning of Circadian rhythm?

A

“around a day”

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6
Q

What does the circadian rhythm do?

A

Operates as a internal clock.

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7
Q

What does the supra-chiasmatic nucleus (SCN) signal?

A

It signals other pats of the brain controlling hormones, body temp, and other functions that regulate sleep.

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8
Q

What happens when the SCN is exposed to the first light each day?

A

It signals the increase of body temp, and releases cortisol.

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9
Q

What happens when the SCN is exposed to darkness?

A

The release of melatonin from the pineal gland happens.

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10
Q

What are characteristics of REM sleep?

A

Mental restoration
Active brain, quiet body
Driven by circadian pressure

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11
Q

What are characteristics of Non REM sleep?

A

Physical restoration
quiet brain, active body
Driven by homeostatic pressure.

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12
Q

What percent of sleep is spent in Non-REM?

A

75-80%

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13
Q

What percent of sleep is stage 1 of Non-REM?

A

2-5%

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14
Q

What percent of sleep is stage 2 of Non-REM?

A

45-55%

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15
Q

What percent of sleep is stage 3 of Non-REM?

A

3-8%

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16
Q

What percent of sleep is stage 4 of Non-REM?

A

10-15%

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17
Q

What waves are characteristic of stage 3 and stage 4 of Non-REM?

A

slow wave or delta sleep.

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18
Q

What percent of sleep is REM sleep?

A

20-25%

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19
Q

How often do you cycle between Non-REM and REM sleep?

A

About ever 90 min

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20
Q

How long is Normal Sleep Latency?

A

10-15 min

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21
Q

True or False: Normal sleep need varies from 5-10 hours.

A

True.

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22
Q

What factors determine the amount of sleep needed?

A

Dependent on age and genetic influence.

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23
Q

All of the following are why sleep is important except?

  1. Affects how we feel, look and function.
  2. Support immune system
  3. Support metabolism of glucose
  4. Improve productivity and performance
  5. All of the above are why sleep is important.
A
  1. all of the above are why sleep is important.
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24
Q

What results from inadequate sleep?

A
  1. mood changes

2. reduction in productivity

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25
Q

How much sleep does the CDC recommend for infants?

A

12-18 hours

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26
Q

How much sleep does the CDC recommend for toddlers?

A

12-14 hours

27
Q

How much sleep does the CDC recommend for Preschoolers?

A

11-13 hours

28
Q

How much sleep does the CDC recommend for elementary age kids?

A

10-11 hours

29
Q

How much sleep does the CDC recommend for Teenagers?

A

8.5-9.5 hours

30
Q

How much sleep does the CDC recommend for Adults?

A

7-9 hours

31
Q

True or False: Short Sleepers (<6 hrs/night) in the U.S. have increased significantly over the past 30 years.

A

True

32
Q

True or False: The most recent trend is due to competition between sleep, schedules, employment and lifestyle.

A

True

33
Q

True or False: Intermittent sleep disturbance due to lifestyle are NOT associated with temporary fatigue, disorientation, and decreased alertness.

A

False, intermittent sleep disturbances are associated.

34
Q

What percent of U.S. adults report insufficient sleep or rest at least 15 out of every 30 days?

A

25%

35
Q

How many Americans have a chronic sleep problem?

A

40 million

36
Q

How many Americans have occasional problems?

A

20 million

37
Q

What is the most common sleep complain in the U.S.

A

Insomnia

38
Q

What is Insomnia?

A

Inability to initiate or maintain sleep, early morning awakening, inability to resume sleep.

39
Q

What is Narcolepsy?

A

Excessive day time sleepiness.

40
Q

What is Restless Leg Syndrome (RLS)?

A

Unpleasant “creeping” sensation, often feels like it originates in lower legs, often associated with aches/pains in legs.

41
Q

What characterized sleep apnea?

A

characterized by gasping.

42
Q

What classifies Primary Insomnia?

A

No underlying cause.

43
Q

What classifies Secondary Insomnia?

A

Underlying causes.

44
Q

What classifies Acute or Episodic Insomnia?

A

Typically transient (<4wks) and resolve without treatment.

45
Q

What classifies Chronic Insomnia?

A

Lasting >1 month, indicates need for professional attention.

46
Q

How many estimated people does Narcolepsy affect?

A

250,000 patients.

47
Q

How long can narcoleptic sleep attacks last?

A

several seconds to 30 min.

48
Q

Aside from sleep attacks what are the other symptoms of Narcolepsy?

A

Cataplexy
Hallucinations
disrupted nighttime sleep
Temporary paralysis upon awakening.

49
Q

What are the causes of Narcolepsy?

A

It can be hereditary or associated with brain damage or neurological disease.

50
Q

How can Narcolepsy be treated?

A

With antidepressants, stimulants, daytime naps.

51
Q

What causes RLS?

A

It is a hereditary disorder.

52
Q

How many patients does RLS affect?

A

12 million.

53
Q

What demographic is RLS most common in?

A

Most common in elderly patients.

54
Q

How many patients does sleep apnea affect?

A

18 million americans.

55
Q

What is sleep apnea linked to due to aging?

A

Obesity and decreased muscle tone.

56
Q

What happens during sleep apnea?

A

windpipe collapses when muscle relax during sleep. airflow is blocked for 10-60 seconds. Blood oxygen falls, patient wakes up enough to tighten muscles.

57
Q

What are the common symptoms of sleep apnea?

A

snoring
excessive daytime drowsiness
irritability
depression.

58
Q

What should sleep apnea patients not do?

A

Take sedatives or sleeping pills.

59
Q

What health problems can sleep apnea lead to?

A 
Headaches
Increased BP
Heart Attack
Stroke
Sudden Death
60
Q

What percent of KY adults reported not getting enough sleep >14 days in the past 30 days?

A

34.9%, which is significantly higher than the national average.

61
Q

What Chronic disease states are affected by sleep?

A 
Arthritis
Kidney disease
Pain
HIV
Epilepsy
Parkinson's disease
Depression
62
Q

What are the effects of sleep disorders on the elderly?

A

Decrease health related quality of life.
Contribute to functional limitations
loss of independence
associated with an increased risk of death from any cause.

63
Q

What percent of fatal crashes on the road involve drowsy drivers according to the CDC?

A

15-33%

64
Q

What percent of people surveyed reported falling asleep while driving at lease once in the past 30 days?

A

4.2%

PPS 923 (4 decks)

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