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Psyc 403 > sleep > Flashcards

sleep Flashcards

1
Q

What cycle does sleep follow?

A
  • 90 min cycle that alternates from REM and NREM
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2
Q

What decreases during the course of sleep?

A

SWS

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3
Q

What increases during the course of sleep?

A

REM

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4
Q

What are 3 things that occur during sleep?

A
  • memories are strengthened and consolidated
  • memories are assimilated/ integrated into memory networks
  • different memory systems are affected during different sleep stages
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5
Q

What are place cells?

A

a type of neuron in the hippocampus that fires specifically when an animal is in a particular location within its environment

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6
Q

What are place fields?

A

the specific area within that environment where a given place cell fires most actively

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7
Q

T o F: Cross-correlation between hippocampal cells is very weak while the animal is running on track

A

False: it is very strong when it is running

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8
Q

What is true about rats learning the spatial layout of an environment?

A
  • they learn over trials where “home” is in the environment and how to get there
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9
Q

What is the term for when there is neuronal firing patterns at sleep that mirror neural firing patterns during a task?

A

REPLAY

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10
Q

What is the term for when firing pattern just before rate movies and it plays in order in which rate will subsequently run?

A

PREPLAy

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11
Q

What happens to the hippocampus disconnection during transitive inference?

A

it decreases and there is a bigger difference between the control and it

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12
Q

T or F: the hippocampus is active when correctly inferring the relationship between B-D

A

true

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13
Q

What was found about transitive inference aided by sleep study?

A
  • there was no evidence for the development of transitive inference after a short 20 min delay
  • there was a strong transitive inference performance after delays of 12 or 24 hours when sleep occurred
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14
Q

When did the longer-range transitive inference seen?

A

after sleep

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15
Q

What is the 1st stage after encoding a declarative memory?

A
  • consolidation
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16
Q

When does consolidation occur?

A

during SWS

17
Q

What is the 2nd stage after encoding a declarative memory?

A

integration

18
Q

When does integration occur?

A

during REM sleep

19
Q

What brain region permits the binding of arbitrary information to happen quickly, independently of existing knowledge in the cortex?

A

hippocampus

20
Q

What brain region is used during consolidation in which it replays the new information offline teaching the cortex about it?

A

hippocampus

21
Q

What brain region is used during integration that allows the overlapping representations to occur resulting in the construction and updating of relational networks?

A

neocortex

22
Q

When was there better performance in the motor skill study about keys?

A
  • after sleep interval between training and test
23
Q

What did they find out about learning and the NREM?

A

that learning is correlated with NREM during the 2th quarter of sleep

24
Q

T or F: you keep the opportunity to consolidate if you don’t sleep after 24 hours

A

false, you need sleep to be able to consolidate memories

25
Q

What were the results of the study done between sleep and odor?

A
  • there was enhanced learning with odor during the SWS cycle because it was able to reactivate recent memories to boost consolidation
  • only when memory was at learning and during SWS was declarative memory enhanced
26
Q

What was the conclusion fo the specificity enhanced effect?

A

sound cues presented during sleep prompted preferential processing of corresponding object-location associations and improved memory

  • When certain sounds were played while a person was sleeping, it helped their brain focus more on the connection between objects and where they were located, which in turn improved their memory of these associations. Essentially, sleep and sound cues seem to enhance memory retention and processing.
27
Q

What was found through neocortical stimulation?

A

they found that the stimulation enhances recognition memory performance

-The study suggests that if the neocortex is stimulated in a way that matches the brain’s natural sleep activity in the medial temporal lobe, it can help improve memory performance, specifically the ability to recognize things you’ve encountered before. This implies that enhancing certain brain activities during sleep can boost memory consolidation and recall.

28
Q

What brain region does the transitive inference require?

A

the hippocampus

29
Q

What is transitive inference?

A
  • refers to the ability to make logical conclusions about relationships between items, even when those relationships have not been explicitly stated. It’s a cognitive process that involves deducing new information based on previously learned associations.
30
Q

What is an example of transitive inference?

A

f you know certain relationships between pairs of items, you can infer relationships between other items in a sequence or set, even if you haven’t been directly given that information.

  • Imagine you learn the following associations:

A > B (A is greater than B)
B > C (B is greater than C)
Based on these two facts, you can make the inference:

A > C (A is greater than C)

31
Q

When is transitive inference enhanced?

A

After sleep

32
Q

t or f: memory cannot be cued during sleep

A

false

33
Q

What is memory-enhancement?

A

When memory is replayed during sleep

34
Q

How can memory be enhanced?

A

by eliciting synchrony of prefrontal-hippocampal activity

35
Q

What was wrong/ concluded about FL?

A

that she has an unusual functional amnesia whose form is shaped by how she imagines memory to work
- now she sleeps less to not lose her memory

36
Q

What was the name of the hollywood character who was similar to FL?

A

lucy

Psyc 403 (7 decks)

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