Sleep Flashcards
What is meant by WIlliam James’ phrase “Stream of consciousness?
That consicousness is continous, everchaning, personal and selective.
How is our conscious experience: Continuous, Ever-changing, Personal and Selective?
Continuous: never empty, our thoughts flow from one thought
to the next.
Ever-changing: it constantly changes as we become aware of
new information.
Selective: we choose to focus on some things and ignore
others
Personal experience: it relies on our own thoughts, feelings
and perceptions
Explain (using examples) Normal waking consciousness and altered states of consciousness.
NWC: This is when we are awake and aware of your thoughts feelings and perceptions both internally and from the external world. EXAMPLES: cooking, running, school work
ASC: An altered state of consciousness is used to describe a state of consciousness that is distinctly different from normal waking consciousness in terms of level of awareness and
experience. EXAMPLE: sleep, daydreaming, meditation
Why is sleep an example of an altered state of consciousness?
It involves a loss of awareness and disengagement with internal and external stimuli.
Define sleep.
Sleep is a regular and naturally occurring altered state of
consciousness that involves a loss of awareness and
disengagement with internal and external stimuli.
Stages of NREM sleep including brainwaves, length of time and any other characteristics.
NREM (non-rapid eye movement) sleep is a type of sleep characterised by a lack of rapid eye movement and is subdivided into 3 different stages.
NREM sleep makes up approximately 75–80% of a sleep episode.
NREM Stage 1
the sleeper transitions from being awake into a light sleep. the sleeper loses awareness of themselves and their surroundings but is still aware of faint sounds in the environment. ALPHA WAVES
NREM Stage 2
The sleeper is still in a relatively light sleep. Individuals spend the majority of their time asleep in NREM stage 2. THETA WAVES
NREM Stage 3
- the sleeper is in a deep stage of sleep.
- It is difficult to wake the sleeper in this stage
- If the sleeper is woken they are likely to feel drowsy and disoriented.
- sleepwalking and sleep talking are most likely to occur.
DELTA WAVES
REM sleep including brainwaves, length of time and any other characteristics.
The sleeper is considered to have a highly active brain and a less active body during REM sleep.
REM sleep makes up approximately 20–25% of a sleep episode for most age groups.
ALPHA WAVES
Electroencephalograph - what does it measure and how can it be used to tell us what stage of sleep someone is in?
EEG: An EEG is a device that detects, amplifies and
records electrical activity of the BRAIN.
D:etects
A:mplifies
R:ecords
E:lectrical activity
It involves small electrodes being attached to the scalp. Each electrode receives signals from thousands of neurons in the brain.
The EEG then turns this information from the electrodes into the visual pattern of brain waves.
Electromyograph - what does it measure and how can it be used to tell us what stage of sleep someone is in?
EMG: An EMG is a device that detects, amplifies and
records electrical activity of the MUSCLES.
D:etects
A:mplifies
R:ecords
E:lectrical activity
Electrodes are attached around the lower jaw. They receive signals from the contractions of muscles.
The EMG will show less muscle contractions when we are asleep and a completely relaxed state(no muscle movement) during REM sleep.
Electroculargraph- what does it measure and how can it be used to tell us what stage of sleep someone is in?
EOG: An EOG is a device that detects, amplifies and
records electrical activity of the muscles responsible for EYE MOVEMENTS
D:etects
A:mplifies
R:ecords
E:lectrical activity
Electrodes are attached around the eyes and recieves signals from the contraction of these muscles which is turned into a visual pattern
The EOG detects less eye movement in NREm sleep and more in REM sleep
Sleep cycles, how many a night? How long is each cycle? What happens to the amount of REM and NREM with each sleep cycle?
There are 4-5 cycles of sleep per night
Around 80-100 minutes per one
REM sleep lengthens and occurs closer together as night progresses.
At the same time the amount of Deep NREM sleep (stages 3 and 4) decreases as night progresses.
How does sleep change across the lifespan. Include reference to amounts of REM and NREM.
Newborns spend far more time in REM sleep and may enter a REM stage as soon as they fall asleep. As they get older, their sleep becomes similar to that of adults. Older adults tend to spend less time in REM sleep and more in NREM
