Sleep

Question 1

Define the most familiar circadian rhythm

Answer 1

diurnal rhthym-day/night cycle
controlled by a group of nerve cells called the suprachiasmatic nucleus in the hypothalamus
other circadian rhythyms control body temp, heart rate, BP, hormone patterns

Question 2

How many sleep cycles does a person typically pass through each night?

Answer 2

4-5. Each cycle contains 3 Non REM cycles and one period of REM sleep.

Question 3

Define parasomnia disorders

Answer 3

Disorders of arousal-sleepwalking and sleep terrors
Nightmare disorders
hallucinations
sleep eating
enuresis (bed wetting)

Question 4

What is sleep hygiene?

Answer 4

Healthy habits, behaviors, environment at bedtime that promote sleep

Question 5

Define a polysomnogram

Answer 5

Sleep study that involves EEG (electroencephalogram) ,EMG (electromyogram -measures muscle tone), EOG (electrooculogram-which measures eye movements) to monitory stages of sleep and wakefulness during the night

Question 6

Define narcolepsy

Answer 6

Usually characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS). A brain dysfunction. 4 different types.

Question 7

Define cataplexy

Answer 7

sudden muscle weakness during intense emotions. Hallmark sign of narcolepsy type 1

Question 8

Signs of sleep deprivation

Answer 8

ptosis (blurred vision), fine motor clumsiness, decreased reflexes, slow response time, decreased reasoning and judgment, decreased auditory and visual alertness, cardiac arrhythmias, confusion, disoriented, increased sensitivity to pain, irritable, withdrawn, apathetic, agitated, hyperactive, decreased motivation

Question 9

How do hypnotics affect sleep?
(Benzodiazepines and Z-drugs) (Ambien, Lunesta, Sonata)

Answer 9

Interfere with reaching deeper stages of sleep, Provide temporary (1 week) increase in quantity of sleep, Cause hangover, sometimes worsen sleep apnea in older adults

Question 10

How do antidepressants and stimulants affect sleep?

Answer 10

suppress REM sleep
decrease total sleep time

Question 11

How does alcohol affect sleep?

Answer 11

speeds onset of sleep
reduces REM sleep
awakens person during night and causes difficulty returning to sleep

Question 12

How does caffeine affect sleep?

Answer 12

Prevents falling asleep
Awaken during night
interferes with REM sleep

Question 13

How do diuretics affect sleep?

Answer 13

Nocturia-awaken frequently

Question 14

How do beta adrenergic blockers affect sleep?

Answer 14

Cause nightmares
Cause insomnia
Cause awakening

Question 15

How does nicotine affect sleep?

Answer 15

decreases total sleep time
decreases REM sleep time
causes awakening
Causes difficulty staying asleep

Question 16

How do opiates affect sleep?

Answer 16

suppress REM sleep
increase daytime drowsiness

Question 17

How do anticonvulsants affect sleep?

Answer 17

decrease REM sleep time
cause daytime drowsiness

Question 18

Stage 1 Sleep

Answer 18

Lightest level of sleep, lasts a few minutes, decrease of VS and metabolism, easily aroused, if awakened feel as if been daydreaming

Question 19

Stage 2 Sleep

Answer 19

Relaxation progresses, arousal still easy, brain and muscle activity continue to slow

Question 20

Stage 3 and 4 Sleep

Answer 20

Slow wave sleep, Rarely moves, Difficult to arouse, Brain and muscle activity decreased, VS lower

Question 21

REM sleep

Answer 21

25% of night, vivid colorful dreams, usually begins 90 min into sleep, heart and respirations and BP fluctuate, gastric secretions increase, very difficult to arouse, average time is 20 min