Sleep Flashcards
Define the most familiar circadian rhythm
diurnal rhthym-day/night cycle
controlled by a group of nerve cells called the suprachiasmatic nucleus in the hypothalamus
other circadian rhythyms control body temp, heart rate, BP, hormone patterns
How many sleep cycles does a person typically pass through each night?
4-5. Each cycle contains 3 Non REM cycles and one period of REM sleep.
Define parasomnia disorders
Disorders of arousal-sleepwalking and sleep terrors
Nightmare disorders
hallucinations
sleep eating
enuresis (bed wetting)
What is sleep hygiene?
Healthy habits, behaviors, environment at bedtime that promote sleep
Define a polysomnogram
Sleep study that involves EEG (electroencephalogram) ,EMG (electromyogram -measures muscle tone), EOG (electrooculogram-which measures eye movements) to monitory stages of sleep and wakefulness during the night
Define narcolepsy
Usually characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS). A brain dysfunction. 4 different types.
Define cataplexy
sudden muscle weakness during intense emotions. Hallmark sign of narcolepsy type 1
Signs of sleep deprivation
ptosis (blurred vision), fine motor clumsiness, decreased reflexes, slow response time, decreased reasoning and judgment, decreased auditory and visual alertness, cardiac arrhythmias, confusion, disoriented, increased sensitivity to pain, irritable, withdrawn, apathetic, agitated, hyperactive, decreased motivation
How do hypnotics affect sleep?
(Benzodiazepines and Z-drugs) (Ambien, Lunesta, Sonata)
Interfere with reaching deeper stages of sleep, Provide temporary (1 week) increase in quantity of sleep, Cause hangover, sometimes worsen sleep apnea in older adults
How do antidepressants and stimulants affect sleep?
suppress REM sleep
decrease total sleep time
How does alcohol affect sleep?
speeds onset of sleep
reduces REM sleep
awakens person during night and causes difficulty returning to sleep
How does caffeine affect sleep?
Prevents falling asleep
Awaken during night
interferes with REM sleep
How do diuretics affect sleep?
Nocturia-awaken frequently
How do beta adrenergic blockers affect sleep?
Cause nightmares
Cause insomnia
Cause awakening
How does nicotine affect sleep?
decreases total sleep time
decreases REM sleep time
causes awakening
Causes difficulty staying asleep
How do opiates affect sleep?
suppress REM sleep
increase daytime drowsiness
How do anticonvulsants affect sleep?
decrease REM sleep time
cause daytime drowsiness
Stage 1 Sleep
Lightest level of sleep, lasts a few minutes, decrease of VS and metabolism, easily aroused, if awakened feel as if been daydreaming
Stage 2 Sleep
Relaxation progresses, arousal still easy, brain and muscle activity continue to slow
Stage 3 and 4 Sleep
Slow wave sleep, Rarely moves, Difficult to arouse, Brain and muscle activity decreased, VS lower
REM sleep
25% of night, vivid colorful dreams, usually begins 90 min into sleep, heart and respirations and BP fluctuate, gastric secretions increase, very difficult to arouse, average time is 20 min
