SLD's

Question 1

Which is the most common Learning disability

Answer 1

Dyslexia, accounts for 80%

Question 2

Define dyslexia

Answer 2

Characterized by problems with accurate and or fluent word recognition, spelling, find phonological decoding i.e. pronouncing words

Question 3

Which of the problems associated with dyslexia 10 to persist with age

Answer 3

Reading fluency and spelling; these problems can persist even though some individuals with dyslexia will develop age-appropriate decoding and word recognition skills overtime

Question 4

What is generally considered to be the core cognitive difficulty in most cases of dyslexia

Answer 4

Deficits in phonological processing

Question 5

Define phonological processing

Answer 5

Complex multi dimensional construct, multiple component processes, involved in making use of phonological information in spoken and written language

Question 6

Which aspect of phonological processing seems to have the strongest relationship to reading acquisition

Answer 6

Phonological awareness, PA

There is evidence to suggest that the relationship is causal

This is why we teach kids phonics

Question 7

How can we measure PA in clinical settings

Answer 7

There are a number of available oral language tasks to choose from:
Rhyme detection, rhyme generation, word-to-word matching, sound-to-word matching, phoneme blending, phoneme counting, so neem segmentation, and phoneme deletion
Not equally effective across all age ranges?

Question 8

Which tasks are most commonly used currently to assess PA in clinical settings

Answer 8

Phoneme deletion and phoneme blending tasks

Question 8

Aside from PA, name two other processing areas thought to be associated with reading acquisition

Answer 8

Naming speed, and verbal/phonological memory

Question 9

Define naming speed

Answer 9

Characterized by deficits on tasks requiring the rapid retrieval of names of stimuli such as letters, numbers, objects, colors

Also referred to as rapid serial naming

Question 10

What is the double deficit hypothesis

Answer 10

Proposes the existence of three dyslexia subtypes: one characterized by a deficit in PA: one characterized by a deficit in NS; and one characterized by impairments in both PA and NS i.e. the double deficit

Question 11

What’s the debate around the double deficit hypothesis?

Answer 11

Some propose that these deficits have an additive effect such that people with a double deficit have more severe reading problems

Others conceptualize a deficit in rapid naming to be fundamentally phonological in nature, I.e. you had trouble naming things quickly because there are weaker associations between graphemes and phonemes because you struggle to rapidly retrieve phonological codes or to activate them in sufficiently close temporal proximity such that the detection of orthographic regularities and/or the development of automaticity of word recognition has gone awry