Slavery study guide Flashcards
What were the Bantu Migrations?
Bantu speaking peoples migrating throughout sub-Saharan Africa. They organized themselves into villages and clans governed by kinship groups.
What were the preeminent powers in West Africa?
Ghana and Mali controlled trans-Saharan trade, specifically the gold trade.
When did Ghana dominate West Africa?
Ghana originated in the 4th or 5th century and dominated from the 8th to the 13th century.
What led to the decline of the Songhay Empire?
The Moroccan army marched on Songhay, winning with muskets, and the empire weakened as Europeans increased trade around Africa.
What was the impact of Muslim merchants on African kingdoms?
Islam spread and trade made African kingdoms richer and more powerful.
What was the significance of Vasco Da Gama’s expeditions?
He skirmished with Mozambique and Mombasa and forced the ruler of Kilwa to pay tribute.
What happened to the city-states of East Africa?
They fell under the control of Portuguese merchant mariners seeking commercial opportunities in the Indian Ocean Basin.
What was the Kongo known for?
Kongo was a centralized state that emerged in the 14th century, known for its close political and diplomatic relations with the Portuguese.
Who was King Nzinga Mbema of Kongo?
Also known as King Afonso I, he sought to convert all to Christianity and studied the Bible extensively.
What led to the decline of the Kongo Kingdom?
The Portuguese turned on Kongo, defeated them, and decapitated the king, leading to the kingdom’s disintegration.
What was the role of Queen Nzinga?
She reigned from 1623 to 1663, resisted the Portuguese, and aimed to create a large empire.
What characterized Great Zimbabwe?
It started as a regional state and became a massive stone-fortified city by 1300, dominating the Gold-Bearing plain in South Africa.
What was the significance of Cape Town?
The Dutch arrived in 1652, built a trading post, and established settlements, laying the foundation for Dutch and British colonies.
What were the indigenous religions in early modern Africa?
recognized a creator god and focusing on spirits associated with geographic features.
How did Islam blend with African beliefs?
Islam was popular in W. and E. Africa, often blending with African religion, allowing for spirits and magic.
What was the Antonian movement?
A syncretic cult founded by Dona Beatriz in 1704, promoting an African form of Christianity.
What agricultural changes occurred in early modern Africa?
New crops like manioc and peanuts were introduced, contributing to population growth.
What was the foundation of the Atlantic slave trade?
Slavery in Africa involved war captives, criminals, and outcasts, with a significant Islamic slave trade beginning in the 9th century.
What was the triangular trade?
A trade system between Europe, Africa, and the Americas involving manufactured goods, slaves, and American products.
What was the middle passage?
The trans-Atlantic journey on slave ships, taking 4-6 weeks, with about 25% of enslaved people dying during the journey.
What were the social effects of the slave trade in Africa?
The trade deprived Africa of 16 million people, particularly affecting W. African societies.
What political effects did the slave trade have in Africa?
It led to more wars as victors were rewarded with people to sell, exemplified by the expansion of Dahomey.
What were plantation societies?
Created on fertile land in the Caribbean and Americas, producing cash crops like sugar and tobacco.
What regional differences existed in slave societies?
In the Caribbean and S. America, slaves couldn’t sustain their numbers, while N. America had better conditions for family formation.
