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Slavery Flashcards

1
Q

Slavery

A

The state of being kept/owned by another to do manual labour or other activities

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2
Q

Abolition

A

The act of ending an activity/ event or custom, legally removed

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3
Q

Transatlantic Slavery

A

Segment of the global slave trade that transported between 10 - 12 million enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to America (16th to 19th century)

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4
Q

Middle Passage

A

The sea journey undertaken by slaves ships from West Africa to the West Indies

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5
Q

Plantation

A

A estate of land where many wealthy families grew crops such as coffee, sugar, cotton and tobacco (often sown by slaves)

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6
Q

Underground Railway

A

A network of routes, places, and people tat helped enslaved people in South America to escape to the North

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7
Q

Human Trafficking

A

The illegal trading of humans to work as many forms of slaves (e.g. land, sex)

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8
Q

Forced Labour

A

All work/service done by a person by force or threat of penalty/persecution (not voluntary)

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9
Q

Child Slavery

A

When a child is trades over and exploited for someone else’s gain (often used for slavery or maiden ship)

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10
Q

Bonded Labour

A

A form of slavery whereby the worker does manual labour to work off debt from another (is volunteered)

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11
Q

Children Forced Marriage

A

Marriage of child with another without any consent. They are exploited against their will

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12
Q

Main causes of slavery

A
  • Shortage of workers
  • Religious beliefs
  • Racial attitudes
  • Military factors
  • Failure to find alternative manual sources of labour
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13
Q

O in OPVL

A

Origin - the source of the website (author, date, primary/secondary)

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14
Q

P in OPVL

A

Purpose - why was the source created?

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15
Q

V in OPVL

A

Value - how can this be used to help a historian researching the time?

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16
Q

L in OPVL

A

Limitation - what makes this source unhelpful?

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17
Q

Chattel Slavery

A

Common form of slavery in America. Chattel slaves are used for labour, sex and breeding. Exchanged for camels, trucks, guns and money.

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18
Q

Descent based slavery

A

A situation where people are born into ‘the slave class” or a group viewed by others as being slaves

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19
Q

Modern Slavery

A

Someone is forced into a laboured service for commercial or personal gain (e.g. farming, working or sexual activities)

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20
Q

Dalit

A

Term to describe ppl who do not belong to one the four major Hindu castes in South Asian society (India). Dalits are the poorest people and are heavily discriminated

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21
Q

Forced Labour

A

Work/services which ppl are forced to do under threat or punishment

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22
Q

Convention & Covenant

A

Legally binding agreement between states sponsored by an international organisation

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23
Q

Fact about child marriage

A

11% of women worldwide are married before 15

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24
Q

Boycott

A

In an attempt to alter business practices, boycotting is the intent to stop purchasing of items to exhume pressure on a company

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25
Migrant Labour
Ppl, often undocumented, who are exploited by their employers to do work (e.g. agriculture). Paid little
26
Serf
An agriculture labourer bound by the feudal system often tied to their 'master's' estate
27
Serf Clothing
- Leather Boots - Thick woollen material - Woollen trousers - Belt (hold weapons)
28
Serfdom
A system by which a peasant is tied to the land and the owner forced to do manual labour for little monetary recieve
29
Peasant Revolt
1st rebellion of english history. A tax collector arrived, peasants refused to pay them and as such many gathered to protest against the actions
30
Goals of peasant revolt
Create massive social change to remove tax, unfair wages and the abolition of slavery altogether
31
In the Transatlantic slavery, what jobs did African Americans do?
Blacksmiths, maids, cooks etc
32
In what period were 80,000 slaves taken from Africa each year?
1780s
33
What led to the increase in slavery?
Sugar Revolution = increased desire in sugar and as such Europe attempted to colonise locations that could supply this
34
What 4 countries gained American colonies in 1600s?
England, France, Holland & Denmark
35
Who controlled the sugar production?
Europe as a whole
36
What percentage of slaves died traveling to the coast in the 1600s?
40% Died
37
What was supplied in exchange for slaves?
Guns, alcohol & other goods
38
What conditions was it like on slave ships?
Crowded & cramped
39
What invention in agricultural fields led to the demand for slaves?
Cottom gin = quickly and easily separates cotton fibers from their seeds
40
Some empires and societies in the Ancient where slavery was key?
Egyptian, Roman, Greek & English
41
In the ancient, what was the key characteristic of slaves?
Diff. in race, gender, ethnic group, political/religious beliefs
42
What was the most common reason ppl went into slavery in the ancient world?
Debt Bondage (many went into slavery to pay off debt)
43
Why was the ancient world dependent of on slaves?
Building infrastructure, mining, agriculture, and household work
44
In ancient world, what were slaves considered as?
Not fully human - objects owned as property
45
What were Roman slaves commonly seen as?
Gladiators who would fight at the colosseum as a form of entertainment; most of the strongest & heavier prisoners were put into being gladiators. Others put to slavery
46
Two common gladiators?
Spartacus & Crixus
47
What happened when Spartacus had enough of being a gladiator?
Conspired to change and rebel against the system with which they believed to be injustice towards them. Spartacus and his mean fought against the guards and escaped from the grounds
48
Who could not join Spartacus army?
Deserters as he thought of them to be disloyal
49
What were the gladiators & slave shackles used for?
When melted down, they were used to make swords or tools
50
What did Spartacus's army steal following the winning of fights?
Prisoners & horses to do manual labour as well as stealing that of weapons
51
How does one become a slave?
- Captured/product of war - Paying off debt - Infant exposure - found abandoned infants taken into child labour - Born into slavery - Trade - Kidnapping/piracy
52
What is it like as a slave?
- No/limited rights - Considered inferior - No right to your name - Control over 'master' (e.g. marriage, reproduction) - Bought/sold
53
Who had slaves?
Wealthy people who owned large companies and area of land
54
Quaker Abolitionists
1786 = The first religious movement to condemn slavery and would not allow any of their members to own slaves of their own. This raised objections to slavery on both moral and practical grounds
55
Underground Railroad
Network of people, both whites and blacks, who worked together to help runaways from slaveholding states (slavery was illegal)
56
Harriet Tubman
Famous 'conductor' of the UR. Born into slavery, Tubman escaped 1849, leaving family members. Returned to save members and took risk to lead slaves out of the plantations into freedom
57
What occurred following the freedom of slaves?
4mil slaves freed --> confusion & lost without a job
58
Slavery in Bristol
- 18th Century = dominated British end of the slave trade - Bristol merchants established trade links w/ West Africa --> boom of slave trade
59
Slavery in Liverpool
- Shipping slaves --> liverpool fame (60% slave trade) - Slave jobs w/ cotten + linen manufacturing - 1780 = development of largest ship
60
Slavery in Glasgow
- High tobacco --> increase profit + development of city - Merchant = 'tobacco lords" - Dealing tobacco --> increased profit + not trafficking
61
Slavery in London
- 1700 prior = trading of enslaved ppl - Main port for slave ships (merchants made money through trafficking as well as resource trading)
62
What were elements that impacted slave abolition ?
- The need for economy uprise in England - Fears over national security/economic dominance - Anti-abolition propaganda - Delay from the British gov. - French Revolution - Slave Rebellion, St Dominique
63
Slave Trade + British Economy
- 18 - 19 = increase trade --> exports - Bristol, Liverpool, Glasgow ports (e.g. tobacco) - 180% produce went to Europe
64
What spice was considered incredibly valuable during the Transatlantic slavery?
Sugar = increase value + rarity (piracy)
65
What did positive climate and land in the West mean?
Good + effective for tropical
66
What percentage of slaves produced sugar?
70%
67
What is the triangular trade route?
A system of transatlantic trade in the 16th century between Europe, Africa and Americas
68
When was the peak of cotton manufacturing?
1750
69
What was Atlantic economy based on?
Slave Labour
70
When was slavery ended in all US States?
June 19th, 1862
71
When did the federal government prohibit the transatlantic slave trade?
1808
72
When was slave trade prohibited in District of Columbia?
1850
73
Who founded the American Anti-slavery society?
William Lloyd Garrison
74
What were resources that were in key demand?
Guns, tobacco, slaves
75
What did slaves work to introduce more crops and food?
Increase economy and boost in industrial manufacturing
76
What was the period of Transatlantic Slavery?
1400 - 1800
77
How many Africans were taken each year in 1780s?
80,000
78
What was the economic impact of Slave Trade during the Transatlantic slavery?
- Increased profit due to - Increase tax to compensate - International trade - Empire expansion (need resources) - Increase demand - Industrial Revolution; factories rather than plantations
79
Who ran the British abolishment of slavery?
William Wilberforce (1808)

History Elective (1 decks)

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