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N5 History > Slave Trade > Flashcards

Slave Trade Flashcards

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1
Q

Overall, how long was the entire course of the slave trade?

A

300 years.

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2
Q

Why would Africans be involved in the slave trade?

A

Money, access goods from Britain, feeling of protection from Britain.

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3
Q

Is there an age limit slaves have to be?

A

No.

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4
Q

What type of people would become slaves?

A 
Those who betrayed their tribes,
Prisoners captured in war, 
Kidnapped to become enslaved,
Criminals,
Those who didn’t pay debts.
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5
Q

What were slaves popularly sold to do?

A

Work in sugar plantations.

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6
Q

Did Britain have a role to play in the slave trade? In a percentage, how many ships left from British ports?

A

Britain had a major role in the slave trade. 90% of ships left British ports.

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7
Q

Where were Britain’s 3 main ports?

A

London, Bristol and Liverpool.

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8
Q

What is the triangular trade?

A

A route which British ships would take. Consists of 3 stages.

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9
Q

What present banks today benefited from the slave trade?

A

Lloyd’s, Barclays, Bank Of England, and Barings bank.

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10
Q

What were the trade goods?

A

Gem stones,
Silk,
Weaponry,
Alcohol.

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11
Q

Where would slaves be kept before shipping?

A

Slave factories.

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12
Q

What were slave factories? How many slaves died?

A

Slave factories were forts/small castles where slaves were kept, waiting for traders. 45% of slaves died.

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13
Q

Conditions of slave factories? How long did they have to be there for?

A

There was no sanitation, overcrowding, and lack of ventilation.
Disease was very common.
Slaves had to wait several months before shipment, if they survived.

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14
Q

The first journey, from West Africa to the West Indies was called?

A

Middle passage.

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15
Q

What would be required before slaves were allowed to board the ship?

A

Their heads would be shaved and some clothes would be removed. This was to prevent disease spreading.

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16
Q

How many slaves could fit in a ship?

A

482.

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17
Q

Conditions on the ship?

A
  • Slaves were chained together.
  • Only allowed up on deck 1-2 hours a day for air or exercise.
  • Men and woman were separated (lead to sexual assault).
  • Slave stacking, where slaves were stacked due to lack of space.
  • Kept in tight space, often not allowed to go to the bathroom.
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18
Q

How long would the ship journey take?

A

6-8 weeks.

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19
Q

Food/water on ship?

A

Fed twice a day, and only had half a pint of water.
Food normally consists of rice, beans, plantains, yams and millet. Some citrus like orange or lemon may also be available.

20
Q

Daily routine?

A

After 8 days of being on ship, slaves were allowed on deck for air. They would have to clean the ship, and sing whilst doing so.

21
Q

What kind of diseases would break out on ship? Did this affect the crew?

A

Dropsy, dysentery and yellow fever would be common. Slaves would be kept under deck if there were severe spreading. This would affect the crew too.

22
Q

How many slaves would die?

A

1 in 5 slaves would die.

23
Q

What was bad about the middle passage? (For the crew, not slaves)

A

Barely any men volunteered, due to the conditions.
Deaths for crew were higher than any other passage.
Only desperate men would volunteer for money.

24
Q

Did rebellion happen on ships?

A

Yes, these were very common. They were the most common cause of death on ships.

25
Q

Were the rebellion attempts successful on ships?

A

Mainly, no - rarely, yes.

26
Q

How would those know when a slave ship is arriving?

A

A gun would be shot, and posters would be let out. There would also be a strong smell of faeces, vomit, and urine as well. A doctor would most likely be present when the ship arrives.

27
Q

In auction, what would slaves go under as?

A

Mining tools, farm essentials.

28
Q

To prepare for auction, what happened to slaves?

A

Rubbed with oil to look healthier.
Washed with plain water.
Gunpowder, rust, or hot tar rubbed into wounds to ‘hide’ damaged skin.
Teeth inspected.

29
Q

What slaves would be avoided by buyers? What were rejected slaves called?

A

Refused slaves were often:
Unwell,
Old,
Had families.

30
Q

What would happen to refused slaves?

A

Left on the quayside of the port unattended to die. Nobody would care for these slaves.

31
Q

What is a ‘scramble’?

A

Another method of selling slaves. Buyers would rush in to take the ‘lots’ of slaves they would purchase.

32
Q

Give an age list that requires the jobs slaves would have to do.

A

3-4 y/o: weeding, aka ‘trash gangs’.
9-12 y/o: joined to work in fields with adults
Elderly: domestic servants (worked in houses)

33
Q

What’s the life expectancy of a slave?

A

26 years.

34
Q

Punishments of slaves?

A

Rebellions: set on fire.
Running away: neck ring or muzzle
Continued to run away: removal of limbs
General punishments: whipped, flogged, beaten up, and even death.

35
Q

What were the two types of resistance? (Biology: what types of transport)

A

Active and passive.

36
Q

What was active transport?

A

When slaves tried to physically overthrow their masters, or running away.

37
Q

What was passive resistance?

A

When slaves didn’t physically harm anyone, but harmed the plantation or made sure the plantation lost money.

38
Q

Examples of active resistance?

A

Poisoning masters
Rebelling and using weapons
Threatening
Running away

39
Q

Examples of passive resistance?

A

Working slowly/poorly
Injuring farm animals
Pretending to be mad
Losing property

40
Q

Effect of slave trade on Caribbean islands?

A

Wiped out natives, ‘Arawaks’.
Any fall of sugar production affected Jamaican community.
Slave laws were introduced as fear for rebellion grew; severe punishments like death would be permitted.

41
Q

What slave laws were introduced in yeh Caribbean?

A

Not allowed to play the drum.
Gathering after dark.
Carrying any sort of weapon.

42
Q

What boosted, if not, was the cause of the movement of the abolitionists?

A

The case of the Zong, as it was widely spread in newspapers, and caused people to realise the true treatment of slaves.

43
Q

Abolition movement founded by?

A

Granville Sharp and Thomas Clarkson.

44
Q

What would abolitionists do?

A

Publish books and pamphlets.
Draw images.
Tried to acquire ‘bills’ to turn acts into laws.
Had petitions (with over 390,000 signatures by 1792).
Lobbying (debating).

45
Q

Give examples of abolition expert groups. What did they do?

A

Evangelical movement, caused many Christians to be against slaverly, wrote song Amazing Grace.
Women against Atlantic Slavery, played crucial role in the sugar boycott, caused slave produced sugar sales to drop by a third.

46
Q

When was the end of the slave trade act passed?

A

1807.

47
Q

When the act of the end of slave trade was passed, did the slavery stop immediately?

A

No, it didn’t. Slave trade was fully made illegal by 1834, finally putting the acts to an end.

N5 History (2 decks)

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