SL - Mao Rise to Mao

Question 1

Military

Answer 1

1. Soldiers treated well –> high morale
2. “Six Main Points for Attention” –> treated peasants well –> popular (contrasted with GMD)
3. Guerrilla fighting –> light losses + 1933: destroyed encirclement campaigns
4. Long March - adaptable techniques: crack battalion to capture the Dadu bridge to cross the river
5. Political cadres ensured the party control
6. High desertion rates of GMD

Question 2

Violence

Answer 2

1. Eliminated internal faction
   eg: futian incident 3,000 communist killed for being traitors
2. torture techniques

Question 3

Propaganda

Answer 3

1. Predominately large visual pictures –> appeal to an illiterate population
2. Associated GMD with foreigners –> unpatriotic
3. Portrayed GMD as weak against the Japanese
4. Magnified benefits of communist rule eg: land reform, and building village schools
5. Reds portrayed as friends of the peasants
6. Guerrilla tactics in defense of the people
7. Long Retreat –> Long March

Question 4

Mao’s tactics

Answer 4

1. Chinese Communism –> peasants revolution (90% of the population)
2. Long March: captured Zunyi with guerilla forces vindicated his tactics are proved him as the unchallengeable leader –> chairman of the Communist
3. 1937 - GMD loss of coastal cities –> undermined communists who stressed the importance of urban resistance –> proved his decisions right
4. conducted purges in the party to avoid spies

Question 5

Domestic policies

Answer 5

1. End of feudal exploitation within the communist rule
2. Tax reduced, school, fixing debts –> happy peasants
3. “Hundred Regiments campaign” –> encouraged peasants to kill the Japanese

Question 6

Social

Answer 6

1. Egalitarian policies
2. Women in public sphere
3. Better living conditions

Question 7

Social

Answer 7

1. Egalitarian policies
2. Women in the public sphere
3. Better living conditions

Question 8

Weakness of GMD

Answer 8

1. Corruption + repression –> demotivated military –> continual defeatism
2. Nepotism –> inconsistent policies –> undemocratic
3. Little emphasis on reform
4. No land reform + repressive society

Question 9

Mistakes of GMD

Answer 9

1. Aimed at maintaining power and wealth elites –> failed to win the mass support
2. Lacked control over provinces –> not centralized power
3. Lacked control over coastal areas –> loss of tax revenue –> printing money –> hyperinflation –> loss of support from middle and upper class –> increase corruption
4. Chiang’s leadership mistake: pouring resources into Manchuria when the fight was in Xuzhou
5. “Draining the pond to catch the fish” –> 90% of people killed in the Henan-Hubei border, peasants rounded in settlements, women sold as slaves
6. He concentrated on American efforts rather than his own efforts
7. Xian Incident –> humiliation for the GMD –> CCP appeared as patriotic no matter what they do