SL Dev Test 1 Vocab Flashcards
Communication
Sending and receiving information, ideas, feeling, or messages
Language
System of arbitrary, established symbols and rule-governed structures used for communication that change over time; conventionalized sounds, signs, gestures, or symbols that have shared and understood meanings
Receptive Language
Listening to and understanding what is communicated; the ability to comprehend a message
Expressive Language
Producing and conveying communicative messages through speaking, writing, signing, or gestures
Pragmatics
Component of language regarding the ability to functionally use language in social contexts; the rules for social language needed to establish and maintain relationships with others
Semantics
Component of language regarding the meaning and interpretation of language; the use of vocabulary to construct ideas through relationships between words
Morpheme
Smallest grammatical unit in a language that conveys meaning
Speech
Oral expression of language
Echolalia
Imitation or repetition of words, phrases, or whole sentences spoken by another person
Alveolar Ridge
Thickened bone protuberance on the roof of the mouth just behind the upper teeth
Suprasegmental
Features of speech, such as stress, pitch, and duration, that accompany individual speech sounds, words, and sentences
Vocal Auditory Channel
Hockett Design Feature 1: idea that standard human language occurs as a vocal type of communication in which air is forced through the vocal folds of the larynx, breaking the vibrating air stream into sounds of speech, which are organized into words and sentences and perceived through a listener’s ears
Broadcast Transmission
Hockett Design Feature 2: Idea that the sound of speech is heard in all directions but listeners interpret it as coming from one specific direction
Directional Reception
Hockett Design Feature 2: Listener can compare the loudness and timing of sound reaching each ear and can determine the direction from where the sound is coming
Rapid Fading
Hockett Design Feature 3: Speech signals are transitory and a listener can only receive specific auditory information at the time it is spoken
Interchangeability
Hockett Design Feature 4: Anything that people hear, they are also able to reproduce through spoken language
Total Feedback
Hockett Design Feature 5: Speakers have the ability to hear themselves speak, and through this, receive feedback allowing them to make constant adjustments so that output is as finely tuned as possible for conveying accurate thoughts. This feedback also provides control for the mechanics of speech so that speech errors are caught and corrected or even anticipated and avoided
Specialization
Hockett Design Feature 6: Idea that speech is a specialized human function (made apparent by the anatomy of human speech organs and the human ability to exhibit some control over these organs), is specifically designed for communication, and serves no other purpose
Semanticity
Hockett Design Feature 7: Ability to use human speech to convey particular messages, and the idea that speech is needed in most cases to ensure the specificity of messages
Indexicality
Pragmatic feature of language referring to the circumstances or context in which a communicative message takes place; situational context is important in establishing meaning in our communicative attempts
Arbitrariness
Hockett Design Feature 8: Idea that there is nothing inherent in a spoken word to account for its meaning, no limitation to what language can describe, and no explicit or necessary connection between sounds used and the message being sent
Discreteness
Hockett Design Feature 9: Idea that each language is limited to a finite or discrete number of sounds. Furthermore, each sound used in one or more human languages has very specific characteristics and can be placed in distinct categories that differentiate them from one another
Displacement
Hockett Design Feature 10: Human ability to refer to things in space and time and communicate about things that are not currently present
Productivity
Hockett Design Feature 11: Human ability to create an infinite variety of novel and unique messages from a previously existing finite collection of sounds