SL

Question 1

Life can be defined as an organized genetic unit capable of…..

Answer 1

metabolism, Reproduction and evolution.

Question 2

What’s metabolism?

Answer 2

Total chemical activity and consists of thousands of individual chemical reactions which are coordinated (if not cell wont have its proper function. The genes provide control and coordination.

Question 3

Homeostaties

Answer 3

Everything needs to be of range in order for cells to fonction properly

Question 4

Whats an organism?

Answer 4

A bunch of proteins (quality and quantity) who express genetic info

Question 5

First cells

Answer 5

Prokaryotic cells

Question 6

What caused Chemical evolution?

Answer 6

Random chemical interactions that produced molecules who were able to create copies of themselves.

Question 7

Order of life

Answer 7

Atom, molecules, macromolecules, organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ system, organism, biosphere

Question 8

Where did diversty come from in cells?

Answer 8

First mutation in cell replication and then reproduction

Question 9

Do prokaryotic cells have a nucleus?

Answer 9

No, the DNA just floats around

Question 10

What came after prokyarotic cells?

Answer 10

Eukaryotic cells, larger prokaryotic cells ate smaller eukaryotic cells and decided to not eat it one day and realised that it much more useful.

Question 11

four major types of biological
macromolecules

Answer 11

▪ Proteins
▪ Carbohydrates
▪ Lipids
▪ Nucleic acids

Question 12

Macromolecules are…

Answer 12

giant polymers

Question 13

Name 3 domains

Answer 13

Bacteria, Archea, Eukarya

Question 14

Name 4 kingdoms

Answer 14

Plants, Fungi, Animal, protist

Question 15

Homo sapiens

Answer 15

Genus, specific epithet

Question 16

How can we call H20?

Answer 16

Compound

Question 17

How can we call H2

Answer 17

Molecule, it’s not a compound

Question 18

What’s the strongest bond

Answer 18

Covalent

Question 19

What kind of bonds dissolve in water?

Answer 19

Ionic and polar bonds

Question 20

What’s a word for substances that dissolve in water?

Answer 20

Hydrophilic

Question 21

Substance who hates water

Answer 21

Hydrophobic

Question 22

True or false?
All liquids are denser than their solide form.

Answer 22

True

Question 23

What influences the behaviour of molecules?

Answer 23

Functional groups and isomers of molecules

Question 24

What’s an isomer?

Answer 24

Same molecules with different arrangement ( structure format )

Question 25

What’s a monomer?

Answer 25

a molecule that can be bonded to other identical molecules to form a polymer.

Question 26

How are polymers created?

Answer 26

When monomers create a covalent bond with each other by means of condensation.

Question 27

What’s a hydrolosis reaction?

Answer 27

When water breaks or unite monomers inside a covalent bond.

Question 28

Properties of the functional group: Hydroxyl (OH)

Answer 28

Polar. Enables linkage with other molecules by dehydration.

Question 29

Properties of the functional group: Carboxyl (-COO-)

Answer 29

Acidic. Important in energy releasing reactions. Gives up -OH.

Question 30

Properties of the functional group: Amino (-NH3+)

Answer 30

Basic: Accepts H+. Enter into dehydration synthesis by giving up H+

Question 31

Properties of the functional group: Phosphate (PO4)

Answer 31

Negatively charged, enters dehydration synthesis by giving up -OH. When bonded with another phosphate releases much more energy

Question 32

Properties of the functional group:( SH) Sulfhydryl

Answer 32

Form a disfulfide bridge, stabilizes protein structure

Question 33

Name the 2 functional groups of the amino acid

Answer 33

Amino group, carboxyl group

Question 34

Name two 3 amino acids

Answer 34

Cysteine has disulfide, glycine has H and proline forms a ring with a modified amino group

Question 35

Name all level of structures and their properties.

Answer 35

1-sequence 2- hydrogen bonds who for a-helix or b-pleated sheet 3- linkage with disulfide bonds, aggregation of hydrophobic side chains ionic bonds hydrogen bonds 4- 3D shape affected by pH, Temperature ,salt, carbon, oxydation

Question 36

What naturises proteins?

Answer 36

Chaperonins

Question 37

Carbohydrates: name its two groups that it’s composed of.

Answer 37

Hydrogen group(-H), hydroxyl group (-OH)

Question 38

Name 4 major categories of carbohydrates

Answer 38

Monosaccharides(monomers,simple sugars) DIsaccharides( two monomers bonded by covalent bond) Oligosaccharides (3-20 monosaccharides) Polysaccharides( thousand of monosaccharides, forming starch or glycogen cellulose)

Question 39

General formula of a carbohydrate monomer

Answer 39

Cn(H20)n (1:2:1) ratio

Question 40

Name 4 monosaccharides monomers

Answer 40

Triose include glyceraldehyde Tetrose include erythose Pentoses include ribose, deoxyribose Hexoses, include structural isomers, glucose, fructose,mannose,galactose

Question 41

Preferred energy of cells?

Answer 41

Glucose (monosaccharide), straight chain or ring(more stable)

Question 42

What type of linkage does monosaccharides bond with?

Answer 42

Glycosidic linkages (one for di and more than 2 for oli)

Question 43

Name polysaccharides and their function

Answer 43

Starch, storage of glucose in plants Glycogen storages of glucose in animals Cellulose : structural components for plants

Question 44

What’s a 5 carbon sugar?

Answer 44

Ribose and deoxyribose made of pentose sugar, phosphate group, nitrogen base

Question 45

What are lipids?

Answer 45

Macromolecule who is insoluble in water, its hydrophobic, doesn’t consist of polymers . Made of fatty acids and glycerol, smaller molecules.

Question 46

Fats and oils

Answer 46

Store energy, tryglycerides composed(three fatty acids and one glycerol molecule) Glycerol 3 carbon molecules with a -OH Group for each Fatty acids are long chais of hydrocarbons with (-COOH) at the end

Question 47

Saturated fatty acids

Answer 47

Single carbon to carbon bond, saturated with hydrogen Rigid straight and solid at room temperature, animal fats are saturated unsaturated have at least one double-bond carbon not all complt satured with H bond Monounsatured one db bond Poly- more than one bd bond plants have unsaturated fatty acids

Question 48

Phospholipids