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Structure and Function 2- Exam 1 > Skull-Wilson > Flashcards

Skull-Wilson Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 8 bones of the neurocranium?

A 
Temporal (2)
Parietal (2)
Frontal (1)
Sphenoid (1)
Ethmoid (1)
Occipital (1)
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2
Q

Coronal suture

A

separates parietal and frontal

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3
Q

sagittal suture

A

??

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4
Q

lambdoid suture

A

???

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5
Q

bregma

lambda

A

can use stereotactic coordinates to do neurosurgery

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6
Q

parietal foramen

A

emissary vein: veins that go through the skull from the scalp and skin to communicate with meninges

  • potential sites for the spread of infection
  • they are valveless
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7
Q

skull at birth

A

same bone BUT

  • 2 frontal bones (frontal suture which disappears in adult)
  • anterior fontanelle (bregma); a soft spot in the baby’s skull
  • posterior fontanelle (lambda)

these fontanella allow the brain to grow and expand and the skull can expand with hte brain

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8
Q

Premature fusion of the anterior and posterior fontanelle sutures

A

scaphocephaly: premature closure of the sagittal suture
acrocephaly: premature closure of coronal and lambdoid sutures; skull extends upwardly

can result in mental retardation

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9
Q

What is found in the anterior cranial fossa?

A

????

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10
Q

What is found in the posterior cranial fossa?

A

brainstem and ???

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11
Q

What is found in the middle cranial fossa?

A

temporal lobe of brain

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12
Q

3 bones of anterior cranial fossa

A

-frontal bone
2 frontal sinuses which can get infected and causes sinus headaches
-orbital plate: dome shaped; forms the roof
-sphenoid bone (lesser wing)

  • ethmoid
  • anterior clinoid process: attachment for the dural mater and dural reflection
  • crista galli: cone of the rooster
  • cribriform plate: CN I (olfactory nerve) goes from the brain and innervate the olfactory mucosa of the nasal cavity (nerves for smelling)

foramen cecum: an opening through which an emissary vein passes through

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13
Q

Transorbital lobotomy

A

altering people’s behavior typically if they are unruly, aggressive, antisocial

-a simplified version of the prefrontal operation

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14
Q

bones in the middle cranial fossa

A

2 bones;
-sphenoid bone (greater wing)
BODY
-sella turcica: the pituitary
-chiasmatic??? groove: 2 optic nerve come together at the optic chiasm
pituitary swelling will affect optic nerve
-posterior clinoid process

  • squamous bone???
  • petrous temporal bone (one of the densest bone in the body); vestibulocochlear apparatus is embedded in this bone; facial nerve travels through this bone (is often one of the places the facial nerve is damaged)
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15
Q

optic canal

A

when CN II travels

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16
Q

superior orbital fissure

A

crack where the CN III, IV, V1, and VI, travels

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17
Q

foramen rotundum

A

V2 (trigeminal nerve)

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18
Q

foramen ovale

A

V3

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19
Q

foramen spinosum

A

middle meningeal artery: artery that supplies the meninges

20
Q

carotid canal

A

exit point of the carotid canal
where the internal carotid artery gains access to the brain

internal carotid artery enters the carotid canal medial to the styloid process

21
Q

foramen lacerum

A

????
opening under carotid canal

no clinical significance

22
Q

Posterior cranial fossa

A

3 bones:

  • dorsum sellae
  • petrous temporal bone
  • occipital bone
  • clivus
  • foramen magnum

-internal occipital protuberance

groove for transverse sinus: venous sinus carrying blood away from brain to heart

groove for sigmoid sinus: jugular foramen

cerebellar fossa: hemispheres sit on this fossa NOT the vermis

internal acoustic meatus: where CN VII, VIII to enter the petrous temporal bone

jugular foramen: directly below the internal acoustic meatus; internal jugular vein goes through this

CN IX, X, XI (accessory nerve)

CN XI: roots of this nerve is found in the SC: they are lateral roots that go through the foramen magnum and exit through the jugular foramen; jugular foramen syndrome

hypoglossal canal: VII, VIII, IX, X, XI

23
Q

Arnold Chiari Malformation

A

Type I: cerebellar fossa is very flat and the cerebellum has nowhere to sit and herniates through the foramen magnum

24
Q

superior nuchal line

A

trapezius

SCM attach to

25
Q

foramen magnum

A

accessory nerve and ???

26
Q

stylomastoid foramen

A

CN VII (facial nerve) exits the skull through here to reach the muscles of facial expression

27
Q

Zygomatic process of the temporal bone

A

????

28
Q

mandibular fossa

articular eminence

A

condyle slides back and forth btw the fossa and eminence

29
Q

occipital condyle forming joint with atlas

A

???

30
Q

condylar canal (hypoglossal canal is more anterior)

A

???

31
Q

the facial canal

A

CN VII as a long course which is completely surrounded by bone
which means if there is swelling of CN VII or facial canal you get compression of CN VII–> Bell’s palsy

32
Q

lateral view of skull

A 
BONES
-frontal bone 
-sphenoid bone (greater wing)
-parietal bone 
-temporal bone 
squamous portion
mastoid process 
zygomatic process

zygomatic bone is part of viscerocranium NOT a bone of the neurocranium

-superior temporal line and zygomatic bone form the temporal fossa: includes the pterion where the bones of the skull have an intersection

pterion (THIN): intersection of temporal parietal, zygomatic, and frontal bone

groove for the middle meningeal artery: if you fx the skull at the pterion this vessel will be most likely damaged and you get bleeding (EPIDURAL HEMATOMA)

as the blood gets larger you get compression on the cortex and the incus herniates putting pressure on the ?????

33
Q

infratemporal fossa

A
  • area of the skull medial to the ramus of the mandible
  • btw the axilla and the styloid process
  • will find the pterygoid process and thus find the medial and lateral pterygoid plates
34
Q

space between pterygoid process and maxilla

A

pterygomaxillary fissure

35
Q

what foramen from the middle cranial fossa opens up into the pterygopalatine fossa?

A

foramen rotundum

36
Q

VISCERAL CRANIUM

14 Bones

A 
zygomatic (2)
maxilla (2) 
nasal (2)
palatine (2)
lacrimal (2)
inferior nasal concha (2)
mandible (1)
vomer (1)
37
Q

maxilla

A

has several process

  • frontal process
  • zygomatic process
  • alveolar margin: need to have teeth to have this margin; if teeth is removed the margin is reabsorbed
38
Q

supraorbital foramen
infraorbital foramen
mental foramen

A

where V1, V2, V3 terminates into the face

39
Q

Mandible

A 
angle of mandible 
condyle 
neck of condyle 
ramus of mandible 
ramus process:
-interiorly the coronoid process
-posteriorly: condylar process

mandibular notch

40
Q

mandibular foramen

A

nerve that provides sensory innervation to all of the teeth

41
Q

?????

A

for the NVB of the mylohyoid nerve which innervates ??????

42
Q

mylohyoid muscle

A

forms the floor of the mouth

43
Q

hard palate

A

made up of 2 bones:

  • most is maxilla
  • horizontal process of the palatine bone
  • incisive canal
  • greater palatine foramen
  • lesser palatine foramen
  • primary palate fuses with a secondary palate
44
Q

orbital bones

A
  • lacrimal bone
  • roof is the orbital plate
  • laterally: sphenoid greater wing (can see this from a lot of angles)
  • maxillary orbital surface
  • infraorbital foramen where V2 becomes cutaneous in the middle of the face
  • nasolacrimal canal: constantly recycling tears; communication between orbital and nasal canal

on the medial wall: anterior and posterior ethmoid foramen: where the vein and arteroes run?????

inferior orbital fissure, groove & canal: where the infraorbital nerve travel through the floor of the mouth

45
Q

Nasal cavity

A
  • perpendicular plate of the ethmoid
  • ethmoid is PART OF THE NEUROCRANIUM but has processes that run to the viscrocranium

turn the head over

  • vomer
  • choana (posterior nares)
  • medial/lateral pterygoid plate
46
Q

nasal septum formed by

A

-vomer (plow; forms the bath)
-perpendicular plate of the ethmoid
cartilage??????

47
Q

lateral nasal wall

A

ethmoid bone forming the middle????

Structure and Function 2- Exam 1 (13 decks)

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