Skull Pojection Flashcards
What is the projection method used for the AP axial projection of the skull?
Towne Method
This method is used to visualize the occipital bone and foramen magnum.
What is the central ray angle for the AP axial projection using the OML?
30° Caudad
This angle is used to ensure the OML is perpendicular to the IR.
What structures are demonstrated in the AP axial projection of the skull?
- Occipital bone
- Petrous pyramids
- Foramen magnum
- Dorsum sellae
- Posterior clinoids
Important for understanding the anatomy of the skull.
What is the reference point for the PA axial projection using the Caldwell method?
Exit at nasion
This point is crucial for proper alignment during imaging.
What is the central ray angle for the PA axial Caldwell method?
15° Caudad
This angle helps visualize the frontal sinuses and orbital rims.
What structures are shown in the PA axial projection using the Caldwell method?
- Anterior & Seidel walls of the cranium
- Temporal fossae
- Frontal sinuses
- Anterior ethmoid sinus
- Crista galli
- Upper ⅔ of orbit
Essential for evaluating facial and cranial anatomy.
What is the position for the submentovertical (SMV) projection?
Supine or seated upright
The position helps in visualizing the cranial base and sinuses.
In the SMV projection, what is the central ray direction?
Perpendicular to IOML
Ensures accurate imaging of the structures beneath the mandible.
Which structures are best demonstrated in the SMV projection?
- Cranial base
- Foramen ovale & spinosum
- Symmetric petrosae
- Mastoid processes
- Carotid canals
- Sphenoidal & ethmoidal sinuses
- Mandible
- Bony nasal septum
- Dens of axis
- Occipital bone
- Maxillary sinus
Important for assessing both cranial and facial anatomy.
What is the clinical indication for the lateral projection of the skull?
Traumatic sphenoid sinus effusion
This projection is vital for diagnosing skull fractures.
What is the central ray direction for the lateral projection of the skull?
Horizontal Perpendicular
This positioning is crucial for accurate lateral imaging.
What structures are shown in the lateral projection of the skull?
- Entire cranium
- Superimposed parietal bones
- Sella turcica
- Anterior and Posterior clinoid processes
- Dorsum sellae
Essential for a comprehensive view of cranial anatomy.
What is the reference point for the parietoacanthial projection (Waters method)?
Exit at acanthion
This point is critical for accurately visualizing facial bones.
What structures are best visualized in the parietoacanthial projection?
- Orbits
- Maxillae
- Zygomatic arches
- Petrous ridges below the maxillae
This projection is the best for assessing facial bone injuries.
What is the central ray angle for the PA axial projection using the Caldwell method?
15° Caudad
This angle is used to visualize the frontal sinuses.
What is the position for the lateral projection of the nasal bones?
Semiprone
This positioning helps avoid patient discomfort and ensures proper alignment.
What is the central ray direction for the lateral projection of the facial bones?
Perpendicular
Ensures accurate imaging of facial structures.
What structures are demonstrated in the lateral projection of the facial bones?
- Superimposed facial bones
- Superimposed mandibular rami
- Orbital roofs
Important for evaluating facial trauma.
What is the central ray angle for the open mouth Waters method?
Horizontally perpendicular
This angle is crucial for visualizing the sphenoidal sinus.
What structures are visualized in the open mouth Waters method?
- Sphenoidal sinus
- Maxillary sinuses
- Petrous pyramids
This projection is particularly useful for assessing sinus conditions.
