SKULL NI BOOMER, BRITNEY & BARON Flashcards
- connects the
inferior border of the orbit to the EAM and is known as the Reids Base line.(Anthropological
base line)
Infraorbito Meatal Line (IOML)
connects the superior border of the orbit to the EAM.
Supraorbito Meatal Line (SOML)
The most common
positioning line used for head work which runs from the outer canthus to the EAM known as
Radiographic Baseline
Orbito Meatal Line (OML
– is an imaginary line between the
Interpupillary Line
- an imaginary line from
the glabella to the anterior aspect of the alveolar
process of the maxilla.
Glabelloalveolar line (GAL
is a line from glabella to
Glabellomeatal Line (GML
is a line connecting the
Acanthiomeatal Line (AML
– is a line running from the
mental point to the EAM
Mentomeatal Line (MML)
midline point at the junction of the upper lip and the nasal septum. Sub-nasal point
which is the reference point for waters projection
Acanthion
the midpoint of this triangular
area of the chin as it appears from the front..
Mental point
inner junction of the eyelid.
Meeting of the eyelids medially.
Inner Canthus –
outer junction of the eyelid.
Meeting of the eyelids laterally.
Outer Canthus
the lower posterior angle on each side of the jaw or mandible.
Gonion-
- the point on the skull to the junction of the coronal and sagittal suture
Bregma
the cranio-metric at the junction of the sagittal and lambdoid sutures
Lambda
protrusion at the back of the skull. External occipital protruberance (EOP
inion
cartilaginous projection in front of the ear.
tragus
2 fused nasal bones form the bridge of the nose
nasal bone
the topmost vault of the skull.
vertex
smooth prominence between the eyebrow and above the bridge of the nose. It connects the bilateral superior border of the orbit
glabella
form the middle segment of the
cranial dome, joined with each other along the midline by the sagittal suture. The left and right forms much of the superior and lateral portions
of the cranium.
parietal bone
forms the anterior third of the
cranial dome, forms part of the cranial cavity as well
as the fore head, the brow ridges and the nasal
cavity.
frontal bone
forms the posterior portion of the
cranial dome, curving inferiorly to the base of the
cranium forms the posterior and inferior portions of
the cranium.
occipital bone
at the sides of the cranium,
extending inward to form part of the cranial floor.
The left and right forms the lateral walls of the
cranium as well as housing the external ear.
temporal bone
is a butterfly shaped bone that
forms part of the anterior floor and sides of the
cranium. It forms part of the eye orbit and helps to
form the floor of the cranium.
sphenoid bone
forms the middle portion of the anterior cranial floor, extending inferiorly between the eye
orbits to also form the roof of the nasal cavity.
ethmoid
immovable joints between bones of the Skull
sutures
The parietal bones are joined by the ______________
Parietal bones that meet the frontal is referred to as the
sagittal sutures
The parietals and the occipital meet at the ____________
lambdoidal
suture
The suture between the parietals and the temporal
bone is referred to as the __________
squamous suture.
is the lower jawbone. It articulates with the temporal bones at the temporomandibular joints. This forms the only freely moveable joint in the head. It provides the
chewing motion
mandible
are the upper jaw
bones. They form part of the nose, orbits, and roof of
the mouth.
right and left maxilla
form a portion of the
nasal cavity and the posterior portion of the roof
of the mouth.
right and left palatine
are the cheek bones. They form portions of the orbits as well.
right and left zygomatic
form the superior portion of the bridge of the nose.
right and left nasal
help to form the orbits.
right and left lacrimal
forms part of the nasal septum (the divider between the nostrils)
vomer
forms the lateral walls of the nose and increase the surface area of the nasal cavity.
left and right inferior nasal conchae
The skull is the bony framework of the head. It comprised the eight cranial and fourteen facial
bones.
skull
Directed to exit the glabella at 10° cephalad
- Midpoint of IR coincides with CR
- Use close collimation
Sella Turcica: PA Axial Projection
Center the IR to region of sella approximately ¾ “
anterior and ¾” superior to the EAM
Sella Turcica: Lateral Projection
The success of SMV projection of cranial base depends on placing IOML as nearly parallel with the plane of the IR as possible and directing CR
perpendicular to IOML.
Cranial Base: Submentovertical Projection
recommended strong depression of the chin and direction of the central through the foramen magnum at a caudal angle of 40 degrees.
- Altschul
_______ & _____________ described the position in 1926
Altschul and Towne fowler eme
- Perpendicular or 15 degrees cephalad direct to nasion
AP & AP Axial projection
RP for Lateral Projection of CRANIUM
2 inches superior to EAM
-superimposed halves of the cranium
- sella turcica, anterior and posterior clinoid
processes, dorsum sella
CRANIUM: Lateral Projection
angulation for PA Axial Proj (Caldwell Method)
- 15 degrees caudal to exit nasion.
recommended that with the patients’ chin depressed, the central ray should be directed through MSP from a point 3” above the eyebrow to the foramen magnum with no specific angulation but depending on the flexion of the neck
Towne (Fowler)
CR: 37 degrees caudal to the IOML
Ap Axial Projection (Towne)
devised this position for obtaining an image of the sellar structures projected within the foramen magnum on hypersthenic, obese or other patients
who cannot be adjusted correctly for AP axial Towne
projection
PA Axial Projection (HAAS)
orbit is filled by margins of Petrous pyramids, posterior ethmoidal air cells, crista galli, frontal bone,
frontal sinuses & dorsum sellae
PA Axial projection (Caldwell)
CR of Verticosubmental Projection (Schuller Method)
Perpendicular to IOML passing ¾ “ anterior to EAM centered to sella turcica
typical cranium/normal or average.
Approximately 47 degrees in relation to
Petrous ridges.
Mesocephalic
short from front to back. Broad from
side to side. Shallow from vertex to base.
Internal structures are higher with reference to IOML ,approximately 54 degrees in relation
to Petrous ridges
Brachycephalic
long from front to back. Narrow from
side to side. Deep from vertex to base. Internal structures are lower with reference to IOML Approximately 40 degrees in relation to Petrous
ridges.
Dolicocephalic
